coordination, body and limb designs are related to the environmental objects and events. the aim of this study was to investigate the necessity to implement rope jumping program in iran schools and since one of the major problems in learning how to write is eye–hand coordination, the effect of a rope jumping training course on eye–hand coordination was investigated in the fourth grade elementar...

Effective quadrupedal locomotion requires a close coordination between the spatially distant central pattern generators (CPGs) controlling forelimb and hindlimb movements. Using isolated preparations of the neonatal rat spinal cord, we explore the role of intervening thoracic circuitry in cervicolumbar CPG coordination and the contribution to this remote coupling of limb somatosensory inputs. I...

Adult cats develop spontaneous airstepping (walking motions without ground contact) 4-6 weeks after spinal transection (Giuliani and Smith, 1985). This unique preparation provides an in vivo model for studying the effects of hindlimb deafferentation on stepping behaviors without rostral input to lumbosacral segments. The primary purpose of this study was to characterize airstepping and, to a le...

Thyroid hormone (TH) is required for limb development in Xenopus laevis. Specific cell types in the growing limb were targeted for expression of a dominant negative form of the TH receptor by sperm-mediated transgenesis. Limb muscle development, the innervation of muscle from the spinal cord, and cartilage growth can be inhibited without affecting patterning of the limb or differentiation of ot...

Coordination of limb segments in graphic motor behavior has been studied primarily in cyclic tasks. In the present study, limb segment recruitment patterns were investigated in a discrete line-drawing task. Subjects (N = 11) performed pointing movements varying in direction, amplitude, and speed. The contributions of index finger, hand, and arm to the movement were analyzed by evaluating the an...

Motor control research relies on theories, such as coordination dynamics, adapted from physical sciences to explain the emergence of coordinated movement in biological systems. Historically, many studies of coordination have involved inter-limb coordination of relatively few degrees of freedom. This study looked at the high-dimensional inter-limb coordination used to perform the golf chip shot ...

The role of directional compatibility was investigated during the production of in-phase and anti-phase coordination patterns involving both arms as well as the head. Our first aim was to compare the quality of coordination between both arms when symmetrical arm posture manipulations were used to disentangle muscle homology from the mutual direction of limb motions in extrinsic space. Findings ...