1. introduction cities are geographic phenomenon that always leads major developments in human history. they are not only interacting with their local hinterland, but also interacting with other cities in economic and social fields. with increasing developments in recent decades in different areas, more placements for cities and geographical studies have been provided again. among the reasons t...

the main cause of structural damage in buildings subjected to seismic actions is lateral drift. in almost all reinforced concrete (rc) structures, whether designed with walls or frames, it is likely to be the code drift limits that control the design drift. the design drift limits and their contribution to damage may be represented indirectly through the material strain limits. the aim of this ...

the principle of freedom of contract is conceptually narrower than the will theory and as such it does not deny the state the right to put limits on contracts between individuals. on this ground some measures have been taking to strike a balance between the interests of the consumers and the producers. among these measures are the compulsory sales to consumers in the case law and on the basis o...