in this paper, we have estimated the memory of thetehran stock exchange indices. the estimation of fractional differencing parameter is carried out by various methods such as mle, nls, hurst exponent, gph, lo, whittle and wavelet. the estimation results of whittle, wavelet, hurst, and lo methods allow us to conclude that the returns on stock indices (tepix, tedpix, tedix, financial index and in...

energy carriers including electricity play a critical role in human societies development, and as the time passes, their importance in the human socio-economic life rises. therefore, knowing electricity demand and the factors affecting on it could have an effective role in economic decision-making. while dividing electricity demand into different consuming sectors, this study uses economic vari...

The present investigation deals with the bulk arrival M/G/1 retrial queue with impatient customers and modified vacation policy. The incoming customers join the virtual pool of customers called orbit if they find the server being busy, on vacation or in broken down state otherwise the service of the customer at the head of the batch is started by the server. The service is provided in k</em...

this paper examines the short- and long-run effects of domestic research and development (r&d;) and foreign r&d; (throw the channels of capital goods import and foreign direct investment) on iranian economic growth using of endogenous growth models and bounds test approach to level relationship over the period of 1351-1386. bounds test approach results confirm the existence of long-run relation...

T his paper empirically examines the relationship among exports, foreign direct investment, current account deficit and economic growth in Pakistan during the period 1975-2016.We adopted the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach to co-integration together with ECM techniques to trace the long-run as well as the short-run relationships. The results demonstrate the existence o...

crude oil price and the u.s. effective exchange rate are two main economic variables that have had real effects on world welfare situation. the aim of this paper is to test whether there is a stable long-run relationship between oil prices and the u.s. dollar, expressed in real term. to this end, we perform co-integration and causality tests between the two variables, using quarterly data from ...

One finds intertwined with ideas at the core of evolutionary theory claims about frequencies in counterfactual and infinitely large populations of organisms, as well as in sets of populations of organisms. One also finds claims about frequencies in counterfactual and infinitely large populations--of events--at the core of an answer to a question concerning the foundations of evolutionary theory...

The paper jointly models the evolution of compliance with regulation and the evolution of a CPR stock, by combining replicator dynamics describing compliance with harvesting rules, with resource stock dynamics. This evolutionary approach suggests that coexistence, in long run equilibrium, of both cooperative and non-cooperative rules under regulation is possible. Stock effects on profits and a ...