Bilevel programming (see Bilevel programming: formulation) is ideally suited to model situations where the decision maker does not have full control over all decision variables. Five such situations are described in this article. The rst example involves the improvement of a road network through either capacity expansion , traac signals synchronization, vehicle guidance systems, etc. While mana...

Large-scale multiprocessors require an eecient interconnection network to achieve good performance. This network, like the rest of the system, should be fault-tolerant (able to continue operating even when there are hardware failures). This paper presents the W-Network, a low-cost fault-tolerant MIN which is well-suited to a large multipro-cessor running ne-grain parallel programs. It tolerates...

Ad hoc networks are multi-hop wireless networks without a pre-installed infrastructure. Such networks are widely used in military applications and in emergency situations as they permit the establishment of a communication network at very short notice with a very low cost. Video is very sensitive for packet loss and wireless ad-hoc networks are error prone due to node mobility and weak links. H...

Using second-generation biomass and biofuel deal with environmental pollution and CO2 emissions. Therefore, this paper design an integrated multi-period bi-objective biofuel supply chain network using support vector machine (SVM) and economic analysis to reduce the cost of generating biofuels and CO2 emissions. The economic analysis consists of three scenarios for supplyin...

Although significant private investment is absorbed in different sectors of power systems, transmission sector is still suffering from appropriate private investment. This is because of the pricing policies of transmission services, tariffs, and especially for investment risks. Investment risks are due to the uncertain behaviour of power systems that discourage investors to invest in the transm...

Random Key Distribution (RKD) schemes have been widely accepted to enable low-cost secure communications in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). However, efficiency of secure link establishment comes with the risk of compromised communications between benign nodes by adversaries who physically capture sensor nodes. The challenge is to enhance resilience of WSN against node capture, while maintainin...