This paper tackles the electron microscope image processing for rubber material discovery. In science fields, images are used to observe properties of materials during their development process. Hence, by analyzing with recent technology, it is expected that further effective developments can be realized. this paper, we propose a compound and physical property retrieval method using images. The...

All supply chains are not the same. A key factor that affects the design and management of a value chain is the position of the customer order decoupling point; some products are produced to order (e.g. configured to particular customer needs) while others are produced to stock (typically standard products). The customer order decoupling point (CODP) identifies the point in the material flow wh...

D uring development, how can you determine with confi dence whether your system will exceed its allowable downtime when delivered? When customers change their minds about functionality, how can you be confi dent that you’ve made the right trade­offs to deliver the system within your original fi xed budget? During the early weeks of a sprint, how can you be confi dent that you can deliver all th...

Adaptation is a central concept of modern evolutionary biology, but remains a difficult one nevertheless. Definitions of adaptation are often confounded with definitions of natural selection, rendering them somewhat circular and difficult to operationalize. Williams introduced a definition that avoids such tautology and a strategy for testing adaptive claims against chance as an alternative exp...