Introduction: As sex differences have been observed repeatedly in chronic pain, it is likely that the gonadal hormones are responsible for these differences. To investigate the responsible mechanism for chronic pain different models have been created. This study is examining the effects of gonadal hormones on nociceptive responses of the rats in CCI (chronic constriction injury) and SNI (spread...

This paper aims to study the mechanical behaviour and failure mechanism of intact rocks under different loading conditions using the grain based model implemented in the universal distinct element code (UDEC). The grain based numerical model is a powerful tool to investigate complicated micro-structural mechanical behaviour of rocks. In the UDEC grain based model, the intact material is simulat...

Flexible Polyurethane (PU) foam samples with different densities and chemical formulations were tested in quasi-static stress-strain compression tests. The compression tests were performed using the Lloyd LR5K Plus instrument at fixed compression strain rate of 0.033 s-1 and samples were compressed up to 70% compression strains. All foam samples were tested in the foam rise direction and their ...

the microstructure of dual phase steels can be considered as a matrix of ferrite phase reinforced by martensite particles. recent measurements show that the mechanical properties of the ferrite phase are changed with the distance from the martensite grains. in this paper, a new method has been proposed to consider this phenomenon in finite element modeling of dual phase steels microstructure. i...

Background: There is no consistent data on the mechanical properties of sheep intestine. OBJECTIVES: We performed a series of biaxial strain measurement experiments and extracted the constitutive model to describe the mechanical characteristics of the sheep intestinal tissue. METHODS: Eleven specimens were obtained freshly from sacrificed  sheep and the planar biaxial tests were performed on th...

in this paper, the mechanical behavior of three-phase inhomogeneous materials is modeled using the meso-scale model with lattice beams for static and dynamic analyses. the timoshenko beam theory is applied instead of the classical euler-bernoulli beam theory and the mechanical properties of lattice beam connection are derived based on the continuum medium using the non-local continuum theory. t...

This study presents the effect of porosity on mechanical behaviors of a power distribution functionally graded beam. The Euler-Bernoulli beam is assumed to describe the kinematic relations and constitutive equations. Because of technical problems, particle size shapes and micro-voids are created during the fabrication which should be taken into consideration. Two porosity models are proposed. T...

owing to elastic and viscous characteristics embedded rubber compounds, the dissipated energy from periodic deformation is converted into heat generation and consequently, the tire may have different body temperatures for different operating conditions. in most performed investigations, just temperature distribution is considered and the mechanical behaviour of rubber parts which are highly tem...

background: autoregulation of blood flow is a marvelous phenomenon balanc- ing blood supply and tissue demand. although many chemically-based explanations for this phenomenon have been proposed and some of them are commonly used today, biomechanical aspects of this phenomenon was neglected. the biomechanical aspect provides insights to us to model vessel diameter changes more precisely and comp...

loading conditions and complex geometry have led the cylinder heads to become the most challenging parts of diesel engines. one of the most important durability problems in diesel engines is due to the cracks valves bridge area. the purpose of this study is a thermo-mechanical analysis of cylinder heads of diesel engines using a two-layer viscoplasticity model. in this article, mechanical prope...