used in conjunction with or as a replacement for traditional methods, it is expected that specific laser technologies will become an essential component of contemporary dental practice over the next decade. the current review is designed to focus on the acid resistance of laser application and tries to introduce laser settings capable to achieve this feature for clinical application. applicatio...

onion thrips, thrips tabaci, is the most important pest of onion in isfahan. onion growers often rely on the pesticide spraying. imidacloprid is frequently used against this pest. to investigate the thrips resistance to this insecticide, 10 onion-growing regions of isfahan were selected. after their laboratory rearing, certain concentrations of imidacloprid were applied to these populations, us...

background mercury is one of the most toxic heavy metals. even a small amount of it is toxic for all living organisms. some of bacteria have developed special resistance mechanisms against mercury, in addition to resistant to different antibiotics. these bacteria usually acquire hg and antibiotic resistance genes via horizontal gene transfer in their habitat. objectives the aim of this study wa...

Skeletal muscle may develop adaptive chaperone and enhancementdefense system through daily exercisestimulation. The present study investigated resistance and exhaustion training alters the expression of chaperoneproteins. These proteins function to maintain homeostasis, facilitate repair from injury and provide protection. Exercise-induced production of HSPs in skeletal muscle and peripheral le...

Skeletal muscle may develop adaptive chaperone and enhancementdefense system through daily exercisestimulation. The present study investigated resistance and exhaustion training alters the expression of chaperoneproteins. These proteins function to maintain homeostasis, facilitate repair from injury and provide protection. Exercise-induced production of HSPs in skeletal muscle and peripheral le...

AtWRKY70, encoding a WRKY transcription factor, is co-expressed with a set of Arabidopsis genes that share a pattern of RPP4- and RPP7-dependent late upregulation in response to Hyaloperonospora parasitica infection (LURP) genes. We show that AtWRKY70 is required for both full RPP4-mediated resistance and basal defense against H. parasitica. These two defense pathways are related to each other,...

Colistin relates to the polymyxin group of antibiotics. This antibiotic is still used to destroy gram-negative bacteria as a last resort. However, resistance to this antibiotic has been reported and is appearing day by day. Not much information is available on the exact mechanisms of resistance to this antibiotic. Also, not enough information about pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics is avail...