Parasitic disease is one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity in small ruminants. The direct causes of economic loss due to parasitic infestations are acute illness, death and premature slaughter. In addition, another cause of economic loss to small animal ruminant farmers is rejection of edible parts of infested animals during meat inspection. The indirect losses are due to decrease ...

Experimental challenge protocols that consistently reproduce clinical signs of peste des petits ruminants in Alpine goats infected with a tissue culture-passaged peste des petits ruminants virus are described. The protocols can be used to carry out quality-controlled vaccine efficacy and pathogenesis studies under experimental conditions.

Rumenotomy is one of the most widely used surgical techniques for diagnosis and treatment different rumen conditions in ruminants. It commonly large ruminants, such as cattle. Although this technique also applied to small there a lack standardization. To date, it has not been fully described available literature, which mostly from developing countries with number peer-reviewed publications. Thi...

Small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) is a group of viruses the Retroviridae family, shared between caprine, ovine and wild ruminants. It responsible for systemic infection that can affect lungs, central nervous system, mammary gland joints, causing chronic, insidious, progressive diseases, seriously affecting animal health. Concurrently, it associated with decrease in milk production, leading to ma...

Infection with Chlamydiae, specifically Chlamydophila (Cp.) abortus, causes enzootic abortion in small ruminants. The disease is highly prevalent in most parts of the world and has a high economic impact especially on the sheep industry. Swine is another species that can suffer from chlamydial infection. Besides Cp. abortus, Cp. pecorum and Chlamydia (C.) suis can all cause reproductive failure...

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) in adult sheep and goats is frequently mild or unapparent, but can cause high mortality in young animals. The recent outbreak of FMD in the United Kingdom has highlighted the importance of sheep in the epidemiology of the disease, although there have been numerous examples in the past where small ruminants have been responsible for the introduction of FMD into previ...

More than a century ago, Johne and Frothingham discovered Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) in cattle, the causative agent of Johne`s Disease (Paratuberculosis), a chronic, debilitating intestinal infection. Johne`s Disease is found most often among domestic and wild ruminants but also has been reported in non-ruminants (1, 15). What`s more, the suggestion that MAP may play ...