Background and Objective: Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) usually leads to memory deficit. In this study, we tried to assess the effect of Withania somnifera extract on the impaired learning and memory in the intrahippocampal kainate model of TLE in the rat. Materials & Methods: Male rats (n=32) were divided into sham, extract+sham, kainite, and kainite+extract. For induction of epilepsy, unilate...

It is important to understand both the usefulness and the inherent limitations of utilizing retrospective recall memory. Retrospective recall has several potential sources of bias. First, compared with concurrent evaluations that rely on short-term memory, recall that utilizes long-term memory may lead to biases such as selectivity of recall, rationality bias, and so forth (East and Uncles 2008...

increased level of stress has negative effects on cognitive functions. thus, it is necessary to identify appropriate strategies to prevent cognitive and motor performance decline. the aim of this research was to study the effect of immobilization stress on learning and memory and the protective role of physical activity in them. from male albino-wistar rats of pastor institute, 32 rats were ran...