Introduction: Previous studies have suggested that the cerebellum is a primary site of motor learning. The cerebellar cortex has a particular glial architecture with large astroglial cells. In addition, more recent works have revealed that astrocytes play a more active role in neuronal activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the number of astrocytes in the molecular layer of rat's cere...

Abstract In this paper, a novel technique based on fuzzy method is presented for chaotic nonlinear time series prediction. Fuzzy approach with the gradient learning algorithm and methods constitutes the main components of this method. This learning process in this method is similar to conventional gradient descent learning process, except that the input patterns and parameters are stored in mem...

Restudying material is a common method for learning new information, but not necessarily an effective one. Research on the testing effect shows that practice involving retrieval from memory can facilitate later memory in contrast to passive restudy. Despite extensive behavioral work, the brain processes that make retrieval an effective learning strategy remain unclear. In the present experiment...

The testing effect is the phenomenon that testing enhances memory for previously studied content. Memory is particularly enhanced for items successfully retrieved during testing. Three experiments investigated the effects of testing before studying a time when participants were unlikely to successfully retrieve content. Participants read excerpts from an essay on vision. They were either asked ...

Sequential consistency is the most widely used correctness condition for multiprocessor memory systems. This paper studies the problem of testing shared-memory multiprocessors to determine if they are indeed providing a sequentially consistent memory. It presents the first formal study of this problem, which has applications to testing new memory system designs and realizations, providing run-t...