Materials and processes are being developed for packaging of low and medium power, high temperature electronics (up to 500). Ceramic (Al2O3 and AlN) hermetic packages are being used. Die attach techniques based on patterned Au bumps, Au-Si and off-eutectic Au-Sn have been demonstrated. Au thermosonic wire bonding provides a monometallic interconnect system between the die and the package pads. ...

Fields of thin-film porous anodic alumina !PAA" are fabricated within a SiO2 support and on independently addressable underlying metal pads. The underlying metallization provides a means for unique postprocessing to be performed on the PAA fields. Customized postprocessing is demonstrated with the synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes !SWCNTs" from an embedded catalyst in the PAA, followe...

A quasi-two-dimensional set of electrons (1 < N < 10(9)) in vacuum, trapped in one-dimensional hydrogenic levels above a micrometer-thick film of liquid helium, is proposed as an easily manipulated strongly interacting set of quantum bits. Individual electrons are laterally confined by micrometer-sized metal pads below the helium. Information is stored in the lowest hydrogenic levels. With elec...

Knuckle pads are a rare, frequently overlooked, thickening of the skin usually overlying the extensor surface of the proximal interphalangeal joints. They are well- circumscribed, benign lesions that generally do not require treatment. Idiopathic knuckle pads must be differentiated from similar appearing lesions or trauma-induced pseudo-knuckle pads. Knuckle pads have been observed in associati...

The detailed structure of multidigit receptive fields (RFs) in somatosensory cortical areas such as the SII region has not been investigated previously using systematically controlled stimuli. Recently (Fitzgerald et al., 2004), we showed that the SII region comprises three adjoining fields: posterior, central, and anterior. Here we characterize the RF structures of the 928 neurons that were re...

AIMS To present a simple, cost-effective, and convenient method of home pad test using the mail system and evaluating change in pad weight over time. MATERIALS AND METHODS A series of nine kinds of commonly available commercial brands of urinary incontinence pads ranging from thin liners less than 10 g in dry weight to large diapers weighing over 100 g each were assembled. Two or three of eac...

We investigate the photon-mediated thermal transport between a superconducting electrode and normal metal. When quasiparticle contribution can be neglected, channel becomes an efficient heat relaxation process for superconductor at low temperatures, being larger than intrinsic due to electron–phonon interaction. Furthermore, superconductor–normal metal system acts as nearly perfect diode, with ...

Useful lifetime evaluation of railpads were very important in design procedure to assure the safety and reliability. It is, therefore, necessary to establish a suitable criterion for the replacement period of rail pads. In this study, we performed properties and accelerated heat aging tests of rail pads considering degradation factors and all environmental conditions including operation, and th...

Implants of mammary glands from a single mammary fat pad in a H253 transgenic female mouse heterozygous for a lacZ-labeled X chromosome were analyzed at various time points following transplantation into the epithelium-cleared mammary fat pads of immune-compromised mice. The results show that the lacZ-marked X chromosome, demonstrated by nuclear-associated X-gal staining, was confined to a sing...