background and purpose: multiple choice tests are the most common type of tests used in evaluating the general english knowledge of the students in most medical universities, however the efficacy of these tests are not examined precisely. we compare and examine the integrative tests and discrete point tests as   measures of the english language knowledge of medical students. methods: three test...

it is argued that language learning is regarded as the cornerstone of human existence. the widespread use of english as an international language makes it highly important in the world. it is no more working as the status of language of the elite class or the educated class of the society such as professors, rather it is working as an instrument to bring success in life. nowadays, teachers need...

The proposed adoption of 'scientific Globish' as a simplified language standard for scholarly communication may appeal to authors who have difficulty with English proficiency. However, Globish might not justify the hopes being pinned on it and might open the door to further deterioration of the quality of English-language scientific writing.

The concept of differential privacy has received considerable attention in the literature recently. In this paper we evaluate the masking mechanism based on Laplace noise addition to satisfy differential privacy. The results of this study indicate that the Laplace based noise addition procedure does not satisfy the requirements of differential privacy.

1. Abbasi‐Shavazi MJ. Recent changes and the future of fertility in Iran. In: United Nations Population Division, completing the fertility transition. Available from: http://www.un.org/ esa/population/publications/completingfertility/2RevisedA BBASIpaper.PDF [Last accessed on 2011 Oct 16]. 2. Abbasi‐Shavazi MJ, Mc‐Donald P, Hosseini‐Chavoshi M. In: The Fertility Transition in Iran; Revolution a...

For a variety of theoretical and practical reasons, dictation is a promising general procedure for promoting both conscious learning and subconscious acquisition of L2 grammatical structures. Although traditional dictation tends to be rather boring, the method allows a number of interesting and motivating variant techniques. This article describes four such variants, useful and effective dictat...

many people believe that language teaching is a neutral practice. however, this belief is not without its own opponents. to many scholars, teaching languages cannot be devoid of teaching cultural values of the target language, which tacitly aims at denigrating cultural values of the community of the learners who are learning it. the ultimate purpose of such cultural oppression, according to the...

This paper describes a grammar learning system that combines model-based and data-driven learning within a single framework. Our results from learning grammars using the Spoken English Corpus (SEC) suggest that combined model-based and data-driven learning can produce a more plausible grammar than is the case when using either learning style in isolation.