background: leber hereditary optic neuropathy (lhon) is an inherited form of bilateral optic atrophy leading to the loss of central vision.  the primary cause of vision loss is mutation in the mitochondrial dna (mtdna), however, unknown secon­dary genetic and/or epigenetic risk factors are suggested to influence its neuropathology.  in this study folate gene polymor­phisms were examined as a po...

adenosine acts as neuromodulator in the brain, which its involvement in a wide range of brain processes and diseases has been studied, such as epilepsy, sleep, anxiety, panic disorder, alzheimer’s disease, parkinson’s disease and schizophrenia. adenosine receptors have been detected: a1r, a2ar (a2ar), a2br, and a3r. a1r and a2r inhibit camp production, while a2ar and a2br stimulate camp product...

Oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been implicated as an important mechanism underlying mitochondrial deficiency in epileptic seizures. In focusing on the role of the DNA repair pathway, we determined the response of the mitochondrial base excision repair (mtBER) pathway in pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE) in hippocampi of male Wistar rats. The expression of 8-oxoguani...

Immunological mediators that originate outside the nervous system can affect neuronal health. However, their roles in neurodegeneration remain largely unknown. Here, we show that the p38MAPK-mediated immune pathway activated in intestinal cells of Caenorhabditis elegans upon mitochondrial dysfunction protects neurons in a cell-non-autonomous fashion. Specifically, mitochondrial complex I dysfun...

Background and objectives: Ziziphora tenuior is considered as an appropriate protoscolicidal agent yet the mechanism of such effect is not known so far. The aim of this study was to evaluate the apoptotic effect of Z. tenuior extract on protoscolices of hydatid cyst. Methods: Protoscolices were collected aseptically and the Bradford test was e...

Mitochondrial dysfunction is strongly associated with aging. A recent study shows that reduced nuclear SIRT1 activity initiates age-related mitochondrial decline through a signaling pathway that perturbs expression of genes encoded by mitochondrial DNA. This reversible pathway has potential anti-aging therapeutic value.

BACKGROUND We investigated the protective effects of mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant and protective peptides, Szeto-Schiller (SS) 31 and SS20, on cardiac function, proteomic remodeling, and signaling pathways. METHODS AND RESULTS We applied an improved label-free shotgun proteomics approach to evaluate the global proteomics changes in transverse aortic constriction (TAC)-induced heart fail...