Nosema disease is one of the most important diseases of adult honey bees worldwide. It is known as silent killer because there are no characteristic symptoms. The aim of the present study was to determine prevalence of Nosema species in various towns of Kurdistan province in Iran. A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (multiplex-PCR) was performed for identification of Nosema ...

Background and Purpose: Aflatoxins are naturally produced by some species of Aspergillus, such as A. flavus and A. parasiticus. Aflatoxins reportedly have carcinogenic effects on human, poultry, and livestock, and therefore could be linked to severe human illnesses. Aflatoxin biosynthesis pathway involves different clustered genes, including structural, regular, and unassigned genes. The presen...

The identification of honeybee viruses is of serious importance, particularly considering the lack of information on the natural incidence of viral infections in honeybee populations worldwide. Moreover, the global spread of Varroa destructor in honeybee colonies has a significant effect on the viral infection. In the present study, 160 samples of adult bee from apparently healthy colonies but ...

Background: Dermatophytes are the most common fungal agents causing superficial skin infections in worldwide. Species identification of these fungi is important for therapeutic and epidemiological apects. The purpose of this study was identification and epidemiology of dermatophytosis in patients referring to medical mycology laboratory of Razi hospital in Tehran, during 2014. Materials and Me...

In the present study basidiomycetous yeast species were characterised from soil samples in different regions of Iran. Soil samples were collected from 5–15 cm depth, subsequently yeasts were isolated and purified. Yeast isolates were identified using D1/D2 domains of 26S rRNA and physiologic tests. The results of this study revealed a rich diversity amongst basidiomycetous yeast species in the ...

Interspecies interaction of actinomycetes will express new gene clusters and may therefore affect the pigmentation, sporulation and production of secondary metabolites. Actinomycetes strains were isolated from Howze Soltan Salt Lake. Binary actinomycete interaction assay was conducted to evaluate its effect on colony morphology and antibiotic production. The molecular identification of the indu...

Candida exists as a normal flora on skin and mucosa. The prevalence of Candida-induced infections specially mucosal and vaginal infections have been raised in the world in last decade due to increase in predisposing factors. C.albicans is the major etiological agent of candidiasis, but infections due to other species have been increasing. The aim of this study was to determine Candida species b...