This paper estimates the dynamic effects of changes in taxes in the United States. We distinguish between the effects of changes in personal and corporate income taxes using a new narrative account of federal tax liability changes in these two tax components. We develop an estimator in which narratively identified tax changes are used as proxies for structural tax shocks and apply it to quarter...

The role of taxes is very important in securing the State Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBN), therefore tax revenues are expected to grow from time time. One efforts Directorate General Taxes increasing revenues, one which use Self-assessment System, a system that requires taxpayers calculate, pay, selfreport payable, so determination amount entrusted themselves. However, practice System dif...

terms of expenditure. The Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) program, an earnings subsidy program, which provides tax credits to low-income families with earnings, is third largest. The Food Stamp program, which provides food coupons to the poor, and programs for subsidized housing for the poor are fourth and fifth, respectively. The TANF program is, as the table shows, only the sixth largest prog...

This paper proposes and analyzes a Social Security reform in which individuals no longer face the OASI payroll tax after, say, age 54 or a career of 34 years, and their subsequent earnings have no bearing on their benefits. We first estimate parameters of a life-cycle model. Our specification includes non-separable preferences and possible disability. It predicts a consumption-expenditure chang...

The objective of this study was to understand the economical, efficient and effective implementation State Revenue Expenditure Budget at government institution. Data sources used in are financial reports especially budget ceiling realization between period 2017 2021 fiscal year obtained from Online Monitoring Accounting Treasury System, Ministry Finance Republic Indonesia. descriptive comparati...

Ghana’s tax reforms constitute the major policy instrument needed to accelerate growth and poverty reduction. Over the past two decades, the government has consistently spent more revenue than it is able to generate and the gap is often financed with foreign aid which has perpetuated the country’s aid dependency. Two options can be explored to reduce the gap between government revenue and expen...