Overall manual accuracy and motion frequency in simulated microsurgery have been studied. Eye surgeons were tested in two tasks: attempting to hold an instrument still, and repeatedly actuating. Rms error and overall motion range were measured. Spectral analysis was also performed. The average rms error was 49 μm and 133 μm, respectively, for the two test conditions, and the average range of mo...

Background: The recovery of sperm from the cauda epididymis may be the last chance to conserve, genetic Materials of valuable farm animals. Sperm utilize glucose as source of energy through glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation to provide motility and movement. While endogenous glucose of the culture media has little potential to preserve sperm motility and viability for long period of time ...

gas motion within the cylinder is one of the major factors that control the combustion process in spark ignition engine. it also has significant impact on heat transfer. both the bulk gas motion and the turbulence characteristics of the flow are important and governing the overall behavior of the flow. an arrangement for obtaining a stratified charge, using port injection, is proposed for a cur...

For creating real-time animations of 3D characters we introduce motion models, which model a certain kind of motion like walk or wave. Each motion model has its own set of parameters controlling the specific characteristics of a motion. These parameters can be changed while a motion model is executed, thus this allows a change of the characteristics of a motion in real-time. The motion models p...