Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease of the central nervous system, which is more prevalent in women than men. Considering the onset of MS in the women of reproductive age, the present study aimed to investigate the reciprocal effects of MS, childbirth, and postpartum. Methods: This retrospective, descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 110 women diagnosed with MS dur...

Here, we highlight aspects of visualizing twins in the fine arts. The works artists Leonardo da Vinci, Jacopo Pontormo, Ker-Xavier Roussel, Jean-Bruno Gassies, Peter Paul Rubens, Sebastiano Ricci and others are presented.

At any one time, there are around 20 000 women of childbearing age with multiple sclerosis (MS) in the UK who may be considering having children. Neurologists can be asked for information from both patients and obstetric colleagues on a range of topics related to pregnancy and MS that extend beyond the well-known implications for relapse risk. This article aims to provide a brief overview for t...

Background & aim: Thecurrent population of the world is seven billion, and developing countries account for its 97%. Approximately 210 million pregnancies annually occur worldwide and 75-80 million of them are reported to be unintended. Multiple factors can contribute to unintended pregnancy, which need to be assessed to design interventions reducing the incidence of unintended pregnancies.This...

BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is influenced by pregnancy, sex and hormonal factors. OBJECTIVES A comprehensive understanding of the role of pregnancy, sex and hormonal factors can provide insights into disease mechanisms, and new therapeutic developments and can provide improved patient care and treatment. METHODS Based on an international conference of experts and a comprehensive PubM...

OBJECTIVES To assess the performance of screening for preeclampsia (PE) by mean arterial pressure (MAP) at 11-13 and at 20-24 weeks' gestation. METHODS MAP was measured at 11-13 and 20-24 weeks in 17,383 singleton pregnancies, including 70 with early PE, requiring delivery <34 weeks' gestation, 143 with preterm PE, delivering <37 weeks and 537 with total PE. MAP was expressed as multiple of t...