BACKGROUND The Guide to Community Preventive Services recommends implementing community- and street-scale urban design, as well as land use policies and practices, to promote walking and bicycling. To better understand barriers to municipal walking and bicycling projects and policies, we surveyed municipal staff in North Carolina. METHODS We surveyed all 121 municipalities with at least 5,000...

A major question in global environmental policy is whether schemes to reduce carbon pollution through forest management, such as Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD+), can also benefit biodiversity conservation in tropical countries. We identified municipalities in Brazil that are priorities for reducing rates of deforestation and thus preserving carbon stocks that are a...

In accordance with Law on Environment, Solid Waste Management Regulation, Metropolitan Municipalities Law and Municipal Law; Metropolitan municipalities and municipalities out of adjacent zones and the highest civilian authority out of these zones are responsible for ensuring the disposal of domestic and domestic-type industrial solid waste while avoiding environmental damage, ensuring the maxi...

In early 2013, the website gemeentegeschiedenis.nl was launched. The website presents a uniquely identifiable web page for every municipality in the Netherlands since 1812. Each of these web pages provides internal relations to official spelling alternatives of their names, to toponyms of settlements within these municipalities, between former and current municipalities, and presents maps of al...

This paper analyses the factors that determine solid waste service costs. The empirical analysis is based on information derived from a survey conducted in a sample of Galician municipalities. The results reveal economies of scale in municipalities of fewer than 50,000 inhabitants, such that cooperation between these municipalities could lead to cost savings. It also appears that private delive...

BACKGROUND Cancer screening rates in Japan are much lower than those in Western countries. This study evaluated the relationship between cancer screening rates and strategies used to improve screening rates, and determined which strategy is the most effective. MATERIALS AND METHODS All municipalities are responsible for conducting gastric, lung, colorectal, cervical, and breast cancer screeni...

BACKGROUND Geographical inequalities in perinatal health and child welfare require attention. To improve the identification, and care, of mothers and young children at risk of adverse health outcomes, the HP4All-2 program was developed. The program consists of three studies, focusing on creating a continuum for risk selection and tailored care pathways from preconception and antenatal care towa...

OBJECTIVES To assess the impact of the quantity of resources for breast and cervical cancer screening on the participation rates in screening in clinical settings in municipalities, as well as to clarify whether lack of resources impairs access to cancer screening in Japan. METHODS Of the 1,746 municipalities in 2010, 1,443 (82.6%) and 1,469 (84.1%) were included in the analyses for breast an...