Neural stem cells are undifferentiated cells that are located in limited areas of central nervous system. These cells have proliferation and self-renew ability and can be differentiated into neurons and glial cells. Mature nerve cells do not have proliferative ability; and due to the limited number of nerve stem cells, injuries to the nervous system are not recoverable. The purpose of this revi...

in the last century, neural stem cells are used in a lot of studies for basic and therapeutic investigations. several sources are identified for neural stem cells including embryonic, fetal and adult stem cells. although most of studies have focused in embryonic as well as fetal cells due to their capacity to generate progenies, these cells have some problems such as immunological, availability...

introduction: adult stem cells are the group of cells which conserve their nature in tissues and organs among other cells. in recent years, the researchers reported the existence of stem cells on the bulge of hair follicles near to the smooth muscle. it is possible to differentiate these stem cells to neural cells by induction of shh, fgf, and ra factors. because of existence of these factors i...

Introduction: The native inability of nervous system to regenerate, encourage researchers to consider neural tissue engineering as a potential treatment for spinal cord injuries. Considering the suitable characteristics of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) for tissue regeneration applications, in this study we investigated the adhesion, viability and proliferation of neural progenitors (de...

background: transplants of multipotent stem cells have been shown to have a neuroprotective effect after central nervous system injury. the bulge region of the hair follicle has been reported as a putative source of hair follicle stem cells (hfsc) for many years; however, few studies have documented the properties of bulge derived cells in vitro until now. this study was conducted to isolate an...

in recent years transdifferentiation technology has enabled direct conversion of human fibroblasts to become a valuable, abundant and accessible cell source for patient-specific induced cell generation in biomedical research. the majority of transdifferentiation approaches rely upon viral gene delivery which due to random integration with the host genome can cause genome instability and tumorig...

background: amniotic membrane derived stem cells (amscs) have considerable advantages to use in regenerative medicine and their anti- inflammatory effects, growth factor secretion and differentiation potential make them suitable candidates for stem cell therapy of nervous system. the developing and neonatal brain contains a spectrum of growth factors to direct development of endogenous and dono...

       The cellular therapy and nerve tissue engineering will probably become a major therapeutic strategy for promoting axonal growth through injured area in central nervous system and peripheral nervous system in the coming years. The stem cell carrier scaffolds in nerve tissue engineering resulted in strong survival of cells and suitable differentiation into n...

Multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), are chronic inflammatory demyelinating disorders of central nervous system (CNS). While the cause is unclear, the fundamental mechanism is thought to be destruction of myelin sheaths of neurons through immune system. One of the approaches being proposed in EAE therapy is neural stem cells (NSCs) trans...