Computational full-atom models of the agonist lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-bound Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) embedded into a realistic plasma membrane reveal dynamic functional and structural insights TLR4 activation signaling across membrane, ectodomain bouncing movement, dimerization patterns (symmetric asymmetric) intracellular Toll/interleukin-1 (TIR) domain. These studies unveil molecular aspe...

Immune cell Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize conserved microbial components, leading to immune and inflammatory responses. However, TLRs are also expressed in cancer cells, including melanoma cells, which express TLR2-4. TLR4 ligands have received attention as immunotherapies; therefore, we assessed the expression of TLR4 in human melanoma specimens (29 primary lesions and 28 metastatic les...

RATIONALE S-nitrosylation (SNO), an oxidative post-translational modification of cysteine residues, responds to changes in the cardiac redox-environment. Classic biotin-switch assay and its derivatives are the most common methods used for detecting SNO. In this approach, the labile SNO group is selectively replaced with a single stable tag. To date, a variety of thiol-reactive tags have been in...

“Phenotype of asthmatics with increased airway S-nitrosoglutathione reductase activity.” Nadzeya V. Marozkina, Xin-Qun Wang, Vitali Stsiapura, Anne Fitzpatrick, Silvia Carraro, Gregory A. Hawkins, Eugene Bleecker, Deborah Meyers, Nizar Jarjour, Sean B. Fain, Sally Wenzel, William Busse, Mario Castro, Reynold A. Panettieri Jr, Wendy Moore, Stephen J. Lewis, Lisa A. Palmer, Talissa Altes, Eduard ...

the tlr4 gene structure as the main receptor for lipopolysaccharide recognition of gram-negative bacteria was investigated in two strains of iranian commercial arian line and west azerbaijan native chicks and its expression was studied in some major organs. blood samples of the 120 birds were taken and total dnas extracted. then, the target gene was sequenced using four pairs of primers on four...

Background: In an ectopic pregnancy (EP) the egg does not reach to the uterus, but instead implants somewhere outside it, usually in fallopian tube. In most cases the exact cause of an ectopic pregnancy is unknown but it is often a result of some sort of damage to the fallopian tube. The tube may have become blocked or narrowed by previous surgery or infection. An active immune system need to r...