Machine translation of subordinate clauses, whether finite or non-finite, poses a series of problems within representational issues. In £ U R O T R A this subject has recently been investigated for complements as well as for modifiers to verbal, nominal, adjectival, and prepositioned heads. Some of the problems encountered during these investigations will be addressed in this paper, with a part...

This paper concerns one aspect of work in progress on a PhD thesis on the complementation of nouns in English (See Bowen (forthcoming)). The purpose of the thesis is to give a description of nouns and their complements which will prove of interest to linguists but will also be of interest, from a pedagogical point of view, to learners of English. Although there are extensive surveys of the noun...

fork in the road clauses and waiver clauses in investment treaties are supposed to minimize the number of parallel proceedings in foreign investment disputes. while, fork in the road clauses preclude investors from further litigation or arbitration once the first dispute settlement mechanism is triggered, in waiver clauses, domestic litigation can be followed by treaty arbitration regarding the...

English main-clause wh-questions form complementiser phrases with wh-words preposed to spec-C position. This is because English wh-words, as verb-complements originally, are strong enough to trigger wh-movement and auxiliary inversion. Persian EFL learners encounter an over-differentiation problem regarding the acquisition of auxiliary inversion rule in English standard questions. Once they hav...

This study is concerned with the employment of Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) theory in analyzing a speech text. The selected text was reconstructed into some clauses and sentences subsequently analyzed terms its field, tenor, mode. results analysis have shown that register category field action America’s change. tenor as realization interpersonal meaning establishment an intimate relati...

Abstract The article deals with attributive modification in South American languages. It focuses on descriptive terms that denote properties. First of all, it is observed property possible most, but not all typology constructions argued to constitute a continuum, from syntactically loose nominal expressions, the one hand, morphologically complex structures which are ambiguous between compoundin...

It has been shown that, at least in certain languages, tense is represented in nominals (Lecarme 1996, 2004). It is therefore important to consider whether the interplay between tense and modality which is commonly found in clauses exists in the nominal domain as well. This article investigates the non-temporal meanings of nominal tenses in Somali, an Afroasiatic language. It explores the condi...

This paper investigates the production of restrictive relative clauses (henceforth RRCs) in Heritage Greek contact with US English. In Greek, RRCS are introduced either by pronoun o opios ‘the who’ which agrees nominal head it modifies and is preferred formal registers; or un-inflected complementizer pu 'that', appears mostly colloquial speech. English, RRCs non-agreeing pronouns who that. The ...