The objective of the present study was to financially compare chemical and agricultural management methods of rice blast disease, as a prevalent disease in paddy fields of Langerood in Guilan Province, Iran. Thirty-three rice experts and 373 paddy farmers were selected by random sampling procedures. Data were collected by a research made questionnaire and were analyzed by SPSS. Benefit Cost Rat...

This report covers two aspects of efforts to increase adoption of chemical management services (CMS). The first is expansion of CMS into small and medium enterprises (SMEs). The second is reducing uncertainty among chemical users through a CMS “standard.” Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) have a significant need for chemical management services (CMS). However, financial barriers make traditio...

background: the use of chemicals is essential in education resulting in exposure to these pollutant in a variety of chemical and research laboratories. chemical contaminants in chemical laboratories are in different forms and chemical exposure risk assessment is important for choosing appropriate controls in protecting the health of operators, experts and students. for risk assessment in chemic...

the study was conducted among the two farmer groups in bhaktapur and kavre districts of nepal. the main objective of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of ipm ffs on creating awareness and disseminating the knowledge on sustainable pest management to the farmers and to assess the relationships between enhanced ipm knowledge and adoption of ipm strategies by the farmers. the study has be...

In the Mediterranean area, tomato soilborne pathogens used to be controlled by methyl bromide, particularly in protected cultivation. To decrease the use of this fumigant, non-chemical and chemical alternatives were developed and implemented in many Mediterranean countries. However, the success of the alternative depends on the degree of its integration in an integrated pest management programme.

Herbicide application has long been considered the most efficient weed control method in agricultural production worldwide. However, long-term use of agrochemicals numerous negative effects on crops and environment. Bearing mind these impacts, EU strategy for withdrawing many herbicides from use, modern market demands healthy safe food, there is a need developing new effective, sustainable, eco...