introduction the main aim of this study was to compare serum level of 25- hydroxyl vitamin d [25(oh) d] between women with preeclampsia and normal individuals and birth outcomes. material and methods this cross sectional study was conducted on 650 normal primigravida women in their first 24–28 weeks of pregnancy. after 3 months of follow-up, serum levels of 25(oh) d and calcium were measured in...

There is a growing concern internationally about the continued rise in birth intervention. Caesarean section rates continue to rise within the international arena. Women are losing confidence in the birth process being natural and safe and often exhibit moderate to high levels of fear during pregnancy. Simultaneously midwives are in danger of losing their role as the guardians of normal birth. ...

low birth weight infants are at risk of many problems. therefore their outcome must evaluate in different ages especially in school age. in this study we determined prevalence of ophthalmic, hearing, speaking and school readiness problems in children who were born low birth weight and compared them with normal birth weight children. in a cross-sectional and retrospective study, all primary scho...

Background: In the past 22 years, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) on human oocytes become a successful method of treatment for most categories of infertility. But there are real concerns that possible malformations among ICSI infants are still not fully recognized. Despite the success of ICSI, the risk of major birth defects due to various parental factors or treatment may increase. We ...

introduction : pregnancy as a stressful event may cause some consequence for both mother and infant such as low birth weight (lbw). lbw is seen in about 7% of pregnancies in iran. it was proved there is a correlation between infants weight and maternal social support. this study was designed to evaluate maternal perceived social support in lbw infants and infants with normal weight. methods and...

OBJECTIVE To explore the association between birth season and physical development and provide a necessary reference value to inform the implementation of public health services. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Forty-five counties in ten provinces in western China in 2005. SUBJECTS A sample of 13,387 children under 3 years old and their mothers were recruited using a stratified, mul...

In this column, the support for advancing normal birth is summarized, based on a comparison of the goals of Healthy People 2010, Lamaze International, the Coalition for Improving Maternity Services, and the midwifery model of care. Research abstracts are presented to provide evidence that the midwifery model of care safely and economically advances normal birth. Rates of intervention experience...