Progress towards gender equality involves changes in the traditional parental division - female caring and male breadwinning. One aspect is increased parental leave for fathers, which may benefit the health of mothers, children, and fathers themselves. We examined how social and health characteristics (2002) were associated with paternity leave in excess of the 'father quota' of 60 days (2003-2...

Zagros vegetation zone is one of the most important forest regions in Iran, which consists of a diverse group of arboreal species, especially oaks (Quercus spp.). Ilam province located in west of Iran and in Zagros vegetation zone which has 641000 ha of oak forests that its dominant species is Persian oak (Q. brantii). Oak trees decline is a complicated phenomenon that may result from different...

Invasive, non-indigenous, phytophagous insects have caused widespread declines in several dominant tree species. The decline in dominant tree species may lead to cascading effects on other tree and microbial species and their interactions, affecting forest recovery following the decline. In the eastern USA, eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr) is declining because of infestation by the ...

Oak regeneration problems have been noted in the Missouri Ozarks and elsewhere in the eastern United States. Alteration of disturbance regimes, competition from nonoak species, and high overstory stocking are believed to be major barriers that impede oak regeneration. We studied regeneration in upland oak forests that were harvested by both even-aged (clearcutting) and uneven-aged (single-tree ...

INTRODUCTION Radiographic pathology of severe osteoarthritis of the knee (OAK) such as severe osteophyte at tibial spine (TS), compartment narrowing, marginal osteophyte, and subchondral sclerosis is well known. Kellgren-Lawrence grading system, which is widely used to diagnose OAK, describes narrowing-marginal osteophyte in 4-grades but uses osteophyte at TS only as evidence of OAK without det...

Hengfu Yin, Chun Ju Chen, Jun Yang, David J. Weston, Jin-Gui Chen, Wellington Muchero, Ning Ye, Timothy J. Tschaplinski, Stan D. Wullschleger, Zong-Ming (Max) Cheng, Gerald A. Tuskan, and Xiaohan Yang 1Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA 2BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA 3Environmental Scien...

In this study, the utilization of temporary parental leave (leave from work to take care of a sick child) of single and cohabiting women is compared, both as regards the probability of taking temporary parental leave and the number of days taken. Since cohabiting women have the possibility of sharing the temporary parental leave needed with their partners, we would expect them to have a lower u...

this study was conducted to investigate the influences of raw or acetic acid-treated oak acornon the performance and cecal flora of broiler chickens. a total of 340 one-day-old male and female cobb 500 broiler chicks were used in a completely randomized design consisting of five treatments with four replicates and 17 chicks each. first group was fed with a corn-based diet (without oak acorn) as...

The black oaks of California include 4 tree species (California black oak, coast live oak, Shreve oak, interior live oak) that are known to hybridize. Complex patterns of population variation within each species are likely to result from these hybrid combinations and from subsequent introgressions. We have been studying population variation using biochemical and molecular markers and report res...

Oak decline and related mortality have periodically plagued upland oak-hickory forests, particularly oak species in the red oak group, across the Ozark Highlands of Missouri, Arkansas and Oklahoma since the late 1970s. Advanced tree age and periodic drought, as well as Armillaria root fungi and oak borer attack are believed to contribute to oak decline and mortality. Declining trees first show ...