SUSAN MOLLER OKIN, IN her 1989 book Justice, Gender, and the Family, puts forth an objection to Nozick’s entitlement theory. In short, Nozick's entitlement theory states that unowned material resources can be legitimately acquired by labor in a certain sense. Okin argues that an advocate of Nozick’s entitlement theory must, on pain of contradiction, accept that a mother owns her offspring by vi...

The routine metabolic rate of Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor victoriae, laboratory-reared, F1 offspring of parents collected from a hypoxic swamp, did not differ between sibs raised under normoxia and hypoxia. In the offspring of parents originating from a river where the oxygen levels were generally high but fluctuating, the metabolic rate of fish raised under normoxia was higher than for sibs r...

Objective(s): Thyroid hormones play an essential role in fetal growth and maternal hypo-thyroidism which leads to cardiovascular deficiency in their offspring.  Considering this, we intended to investigate the impact of gestational hypothyroidism on offspring vascular contractibility and possible underlying mechanisms. Materials and Methods: Hypothyroidism was induced in female rats by administ...

To discuss the psychological impact of disclosure decisions on donor gamete participants including gamete donors, intended parents, and the children conceived through these third party reproductive techniques. In the past decade, there has been a dramatic increase worldwide in the number of children born as a result of gamete donation. The growing demand for these programs has resulted in a tre...

background: health status of offspring is programmed by maternal diet throughout gestation and lactation. the present study investigates the lasting effects of maternal supplementation with different amounts of soy oil or extra virgin olive oil (evoo) on weight and biochemical parameters during gestation and lactation of female mice offspring. methods: eight weeks old female c57bl/6 mice (n=40)...

the relationship between female oviposition preference and offspring performance is a key area of study on the evolution of host specificity. this study investigates host prefer-ence of the polyphagous hover fly syrphus ribesii (diptera: syrphidae) and compares it with some components of its offspring`s performance. females and offspring were tested on six naturally used aphid hosts (blackberry...

background: alpha methyldopa (amd) is a well-known treatment for the pregnancy induced hypertension and commonly used in several countries. indeed the possible effect of amd on the behavioral activities of offspring, whom are exposed during fetus period, has not been studied. the present study evaluated the possible effect of maternal administration of amd on the rat offspring memory in the gro...

objective(s): the link between a hyperglycemic intrauterine environment and the development of diabetes later in life has been observed in offspring exposed to gestational diabetes mellitus (gdm), but the underlying mechanisms for this phenomenon are still not clear. reduced β-cells mass is a determinant in the development of diabetes (type 1 and type 2 diabetes). some recent studies have provi...