student evaluation of the quality of instruction is considered as one of the most widely used methods for assessing faculty in universities. this study aimed to identify and compare faculty and students' views about the evaluation system of the quality of faculty teaching in 2011-2012 in ilam university of medical sciences. in this descriptive – analytical study, statistical population was incl...

this paper aims not to study sadra’s viewpoint on the language of qur’an but aims to offer sadra’s division of and criticisms on the different approaches to the language of qur’an. therefore, this study has been conducted on the negative dimension and has a critical attitude and is not going to study on the positive dimension and to explain sadra’s viewpoint; although recognition of this negati...

Consider the following problem: A viewpoint moves amongst a set of line segments in the plane and it is desired to maintain the sequence of lines visible from the viewpoint at every increment in its position. The sequence of visible lines is identical for most increments in the position of the viewpoint. It is diierent only when the viewpoint crosses a visual discontinuity line. Our objective i...

The most fascinating of the riddles of time is the so-called passage of time which, however, is not accounted for by natural science. In this contribution, we suggest an approach to the phenomena of time which aims at explaining why time passes for us. The basis for our investigation is a fundamental distinction between two views. Science can be understood as an attempt to construct a God-like,...

New techniques to measure 2-D and 3-D visibility over urban spaces are presented in this paper. The concept of ‘isovist’, i.e. the visible space from a vantage point, could help in providing a quantifiable basis for Kevin Lynch's urban analysis, as outlined in his book The Image of the City. We also expand on the concept of 3-D isovists and develop a new technique to calculate them on Digital E...