This paper uses a User-as-Wizard approach to evaluate how people apply diversity to a set of recommendations. In particular, it considers how diversity is applied for a recipient with high or low Openness to Experience, a personality trait from the Five Factor Model. While there was no effect of the personality trait on the degree of diversity applied, there seems to be a trend in the way in wh...

abstract in this context, this article tries to presents a conceptual model of the factors affecting the government size and empirical test through econometric generalized methods of moments (gmm) by using data from 15 developing countries, review relationship between fiscal decentralization and the government size. the results of dynamic panel data indicate a positive effect of income and expe...

after the appearance offinancial crises in developing countries, there has been a wide range of researches about the financial capacity of these countries with respect to their debts. though this subject has been a matter of argument for several decades, today it is one of the most contravertial . arguments in economic literature. there are, in general, three factors which determine the income ...

Any VR scenario should offer a certain degree of nonlinearity or openness regarding the story progress as a consequence of the interaction with the user. In this paper we propose a new formalism, which we regard as suitable for authors and artists to develop compelling and flexible interactive stories. We distinguish two levels of openness in storytelling. The first level of openness deals with...

Tourism is a multidimensional economic activity that has an interaction with the environment. On one hand, environmental resources provide the raw material for tourism, while on the other, tourism imposes a variety of negative and positive impacts (wanted or unwanted) on the environment through the creation of various by-products. The main purpose of the current study is to investigate the rela...

We report an intriguing empirical observation. The relationship between corruption and output depends on the economy’s degree of openness: in open economies, corruption and GNP per capita are strongly negatively correlated, but in closed economies there is no relationship at all. This stylized fact is robust to a variety of different empirical specifications. In particular, the same basic patte...

We construct a time-variant, price-based measure of trade distortions in 28 manufacturing industries for a large sample of countries over the last four decades, documenting facts consistent with the argument that changes in relative prices are an important channel through which an economy’s openness affects outcomes. First, we find that price distortions at the aggregate level are negatively as...

This paper provides empirical evidence of the relation between trade openness, capital openness and government expenditures in a cross-sectional time-series context. It is shown that capital openness is significantly and negatively related to government expenditures in line with the conventional wisdom that capital mobility may undermine the ability of governments to maintain larger public sect...