BACKGROUND Psychology and addiction research have found that cigarette smokers react with subjective and automatic responses to stimuli associated with smoking. This study examines the association between the number of cigarettes smokers consume per month and their response to cues derived from peer and psychological distress. METHODS We studied 1,220 adult past and current smokers drawn from...

The peer-to-peer computing model is not new, but has recently become a commonplace among the average computer user due to the introduction of applications like Napster and Gnutella. Along with the freedom of connecting peer-to-peer come security risks. In response to some of these security risks, Intel has released a code library that software developers can use to strengthen the security of, a...

abstractin the present study, attempt has been made to examine the effectiveness of peer and teacher scaffolding in reading comprehension of intermediate efl students in symmetrical and asymmetrical groups. to do so, sixty intermediate students were purposively selected out of 150 intermediate students in hamadan islamic azad university and kish language institute in hamadan. they were divided ...

This paper reviews the essence of effective governance and importance of a multi-sectoral approach in generating health systems response to HIV/AIDS. This comprehensive approach highlights the importance of integrating reproductive sexual health programs and HIV prevention services, including peer education, life skills, and Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT), for Prevention of Mother–to-Ch...

The fundamental challenge confronting peer-to-peer (P2P) resource-sharing networks is to provide efficient and scalable search services in a large-scale, open and dynamic environment. However, current search mechanisms are not efficient or scalable enough with the expansion of the systems. To improve search efficiency, this paper proposes the trust-based probabilistic search mechanism, called t...

Resource management is one of the important issues in the e cient use of grid computing, in general, and poses speci c challenges in the context of ad hoc grids due to the heterogeneity, dynamism, and intermittent participation of participating nodes in the ad hoc grid. In this paper, we consider three di erent kinds of organizations in an ad hoc grid ranging from completely centralized to comp...

In the past few years, Peer-to-Peer (P2P) applications have emerged as a popular way of autonomously sharing data and services in distributed environments. In such environments, peers dynamically join/leave a network and do not usually have any global knowledge about the data sources. This phenomenon demands an efficient query execution strategy in terms of data transmission and response time. ...

Classification is a kind of basic semantics that people often use to manage versatile contents in daily life. Resource Space Model (RSM) is a semantic model for sharing and managing various resources using normalized classification semantics. Gossip-based peer-to-peer (P2P) techniques are reliable and scalable protocols for information dissemination. Incorporating RSM with gossip-based techniqu...