Recent innovations in formative assessment have turned the spotlight on the implementation of assessment for learning in the classroom. Notwithstanding a considerable wealth of research on assessment for learning in mainstream education, few research studies in the field of language teaching thus far have touched upon assessment for learning. This quantitative study investigated Iranian English...

The current paper examines the instructional implications of Vygotsky's (1978) seminal notion of Zone of Proximal Development, originally developed to account for the learning potential of children, and investigates ZPD applications to the concept of teacher professional development. Specific attempt has been made to see how a number of assets at the teacher's disposal namely diary writing, pee...

How do educators and instructional designers assess the effectiveness of the learning environments they design? One important means of ensuring the effectiveness of instruction in distance and face-to-face settings is through provision of learner support. Increasingly, as learners utilize the World Wide Web for collaborative learning, support systems contribute to the processes of learning and ...

This work forms the second part of a two series providing necessary scaffolding for digital forensic discipline to conduct effective peer review in their laboratories and units. The first articulated need structured approach investigations (Horsman Sunde, 2020). Here two, Phase-oriented Advice Review Structure (PARS) is offered. PARS documented methodology forensics field, six staged designed f...

this study examined the effect of the zpd-based discourse scaffolding on efl learners' co-construction of l2 metadiscourse performing collaborative writing tasks and explored the discourse scaffolding dynamics. the participants were 160 efl students that were assigned to four different treatment conditions: (i) formal teaching, (ii) input enhancement, (iii) non-zpd interaction, and (iv) zpd-bas...

In the absence of scaffolding provided by adults or a play situation, what topics will preschoolers raise in attempting to begin conversations with each other? This study provides a first in-depth examination of preschoolers’ peer-to-peer conversational initiations. The snack-time conversations of a class of 25 preschool children were videotaped bi-weekly for 21 weeks; 507 conversational initia...

The role of the human instructor in online learning has received increasingly more attention in the elearning literature. In the present paper we focus on the particular case of human moderation of peerto-peer debates in educational settings. A multi-dimensional methodology is proposed to identify and characterize different moderation styles in such settings. The method triangulates superficial...

This paper describes how SWoRD (scaffolded writing and rewriting in the discipline), a web-based reciprocal peer review system, supports writing practice, particularly for large content courses in which writing is considered critical but not feasibly included. To help students gain content knowledge as well as writing and reviewing skills, SWoRD supports the whole cycle of writing, reviews, bac...