In the provision of health services, institutions should be perceived as an enterprise to use limited resources most effectively and efficiently, evaluate them optimally ensure production efficiency. Therefore, cost information enables efficient utilization in hospital enterprises allows managers decision-making mechanisms accurately. This study was conducted determine compare costs prolonged h...

extended abstract 1. introduction the widespread use of the internet in urban communities has changed the geographical concentration of services and has led to the emergence of urban electronic services. improving productivity and increasing access are the benefits of creating electronic services. to achieve these benefits, the acceptance of electronic services in the community should be consid...

objective: to assess the perceived hiv/aids related stigma a comprehensive and well developed stigma instrument is necessary. this study aimed to assess validity and reliability of the persian version of hiv/aids related stigma scale which was developed by kang et al for people living with hiv/aids in iran. materials and methods: thescale was forward translatedby two bilingual academic members ...

People often seek help from close friends. Such social support is generally beneficial for help seekers, but also entails costs. Past cross-cultural research on social support suggested that East Asians tend to perceive relational costs (e.g., causing trouble for close friends), whereas North Americans tend to perceive personal costs (e.g., admitting incompetence). In Study 1, we collected Euro...

The human tendency to impose costs on those who have behaved antisocially towards third parties (third-party punishment) has a formative influence on societies, yet very few studies of the development of this tendency exist. In most studies where young children have punished, participants have imposed costs on puppets, leaving open the question as to whether young children punish in real third-...

The conflict between modern neoclassical and traditional Keynesian theories of the business cycle centers upon the pricing mechanism.' In neoclassical models, prices are fully flexible. They represent the continuous optimization of economic agents and the continuous intersection of supply and demand. In Keynesian models, prices are often assumed to be sticky. They do not necessarily equilibrate...

This study aimed to identify the age of emergence and subsequent order of preverbal social behaviors, which have not yet been fully clarified. This was accomplished using 16 items of social behaviors extracted from the Modified Checklist for Toddlers with Autism (MCHAT). The Japanese version of the M-CHAT was completed voluntarily by the parents of 318 infants aged 8–20 months. The 16 social be...

This prospective study examines the relationship between aspects of the neighbourhood social environment and subsequent depressive symptoms in over 7,500 participants of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). Neighbourhood social environment at baseline was operationalised using four items capturing social cohesion and three items capturing perceived safety and associations with the C...

BACKGROUND The objective of this pilot study was to examine demographic, health, behavioral, and social cognitive correlates of perceived worksite environmental support for physical activity (PA) in middle-age adults. METHODS A convenience sample (N = 173) of University employees in the Southeastern U.S. (mean age = 45) was surveyed using an internet-based questionnaire. Measures included per...