the effect of positive end expiratory pressure (peep) on the hepatic elimination of low to moderate extraction ratio drugs has not been clearly defined. we prospectively investigated the effect of peep on the clearance of theophylline in 30 (20 males and 10 females) intubated critically ill adult patients with acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ali/ards). the mean (±sd) age ...

Objective(s): Curcuminoids, comprising curcumin, demethoxycurcumin (DMC) and bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC), are bioactive phytochemicals with numerous pharmacological effects. Oral biological availability of curcuminoids is low due to the low aqueous solubility and rapid metabolism. This study aimed at fabricating a nanomicellar curcuminoid formula with enhanced pharmacokinetic properties. Materi...

Use of pharmacotherapy during pregnancy is common and increasing. Physiologic changes during pregnancy may significantly alter the overall systemic drug exposure, necessitating dose changes. A search of PubMed for pharmacokinetic clinical trials showed 494 publications during pregnancy out of 35,921 total pharmacokinetic published studies (1.29%), from the late 1960s through August 31, 2013. Cl...

Utility functions in Bayesian experimental design are usually based on the posterior distribution. When the posterior is found by simulation, it must be sampled from for each future dataset drawn from the prior predictive distribution. Many thousands of posterior distributions are often required. A popular technique in the Bayesian experimental design literature, which rapidly obtains samples f...

INTRODUCTION Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) affect more than one billion people, mainly living in developing countries. For most of these NTDs, treatment is suboptimal. To optimize treatment regimens, clinical pharmacokinetic studies are required where they have not been previously conducted to enable the use of pharmacometric modeling and simulation techniques in their application, which c...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Two phase I drug interaction studies were performed with oral enzalutamide, which is approved for the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). METHODS A parallel-treatment design (n = 41) was used to evaluate the effects of a strong cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C8 inhibitor (oral gemfibrozil 600 mg twice daily) or strong CYP3A4 inhibitor (oral ...

Broth dilution susceptibility tests of 100 isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 101 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus against tobramycin (formerly nebramycin factor 6) and gentamicin showed that tobramycin was more effective against P. aeruginosa and less effective against S. aureus. The minimal inhibitory concentration of tobramycin against the Pseudomonas sp. isolates that required 5 mug of...

Studies of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination (ADME) have long been recognized as important in the evaluation of the pharmacological efficacy of pharmaceutical agents. In recent years, the importance of ADME studies in toxicology also has become increasingly apparent. In realization of the importance of ADME studies, regulatory agencies have established guidelines governing t...