nitration of phenol and various 4-substituted phenols with cu(no3)2.3h2o, cu(no3)2.3h2o/sio2, 9h2o and cr(no3)2. 9h2o in different anhydrous organic solvents are investigated. high selectivity ratio of para vs ortho isomers has been observed. mono- and dinitro compounds from phenol and 4-substituted phenols by choosing the proper solvents and reaction conditions, are also obtained with high sel...

Dry olive mill residue (DOR) from the olive oil production by two phase centrifugation system was fractionated by a consecutive continuous solid-liquid extraction obtaining the EAF, PF, MF and WF fractions with ethyl acetate, n-propanol, methanol and water, respectively. The chemical, chromatographic and mass spectrometric analyses showed EAF, PF and MF to be mainly composed of simple phenols, ...

Total phenols were determined by molecular spectmphotometry, after distillation, complexation with Caminoantipyrine and extraction into chloroform. Cyanides were also determined spectrophotometrically after distillation from the acidified samples, and complexation in moderate acidic solution with barbituric acid. The dynamic ranges were 0 100 pg L-' for total phenols and 0 30 pg L-' for cyanide...

Ubiquitous tyrosinase catalyses the aerobic oxidation of phenols to catechols through the binuclear copper centres. Here, inspired by the Fischer indole synthesis, we report an iridium-catalysed tyrosinase-like approach to catechols, employing an oxyacetamide-directed C-H hydroxylation on phenols. This method achieves one-step, redox-neutral synthesis of catechols with diverse substituent group...

OBJECTIVE To study the correlation of toxicity with biodegradability (BODT) in order to promote QSBR development and understand the degradation mechanism. METHODS Toxicity of substituted phenols to river bacteria was determined by the turbidities that were measured using a spectrophotometer (UV-190) at 530 nm against a blank control. The biodegradability of substituted phenols was expressed a...

The distribution coefficients for phenols (phenol, o-cresol, m-cresol, p-cresol, 3,5-xylenol and α-naphthol) in ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium haxafluorophosphate ([bmim][PF6]))/water two-phase system were measured at 298 K to examine a removal ability of phenols in wastewater by the liquid-liquid extraction. Judging from these distribution coefficients, it is feasible that phenols c...

Cynara scolymus L. is a medicinal plant frequently used in traditional medicine for liver diseases. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the different parts of Artichoke. Maximum antimicrobial activity was observed with methanolic extract of bound phenols for (bract and heart) against Gram negative bacteria. The MIC values for bound phenols from heart were (63μg/ml...

Naturally occurring plant phenols such as tannic acid, quercetin, myricetin, and anthraflavic acid have been shown to inhibit the mutagenicity of several bay-region diol-epoxides of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons including benzo(a)pyrene (BP). The present study was designed to determine whether these plant phenols can alter epidermal cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenases in SENCAR mice. I...

The coupling of ortho- and para-phenols with secondary and tertiary boronic esters has been explored. In the case of para-substituted phenols, after reaction of a dilithio phenolate species with a boronic ester, treatment with Ph3 BiF2 or Martin's sulfurane gave the coupled product with complete enantiospecificity. The methodology was applied to the synthesis of the broad spectrum antibacterial...

The kinetics of iodination of the phenol and substituted phenols using pyridiniumiodochloride in methanol has been studied under varying conditions. The rates show first orderkinetics each in pyridinium iodochloride and phenols. The rates of reactions are measured atdifferent temperature and activation parameters for all phenols computed. Hammett plot is foundto be valid and the corrletion betw...