Why was the same state in China able to promote economic growth in the reform era but not in the previous thirty years? In this paper we focus on a speci…c aspect that might help the search for a comprehensive explanation: the speci…c institutional arrangement that induced autocratic government to adopt growth-enhancing policies. To this aim, we consider a standard political agency model (Besle...

The successful leader must first make the commitment to practice evidence-based leadership by examining best practices and modeling her/his leadership practice after these models. We know from a plethora of evidence that the relationship-based leader who is also grounded in good operational abilities and can paint the picture of a compelling future is much more effective than the leader who is ...

“grand policies” are based on philosophical foundation of political regimes, and they are related with strategic problems of political system. because of philosophical nature and strategic level of grand policies, it is recommended that they have not to be numerous. in iranian political system, official structure of policy making procedure begins by the expediency council. this council, accordi...

“grand policies” are based on philosophical foundation of political regimes, and they are related with strategic problems of political system. because of philosophical nature and strategic level of grand policies, it is recommended that they have not to be numerous. in iranian political system, official structure of policy making procedure begins by the expediency council. this council, accordi...