Just like how Paxos is hard to understand, PBFT is also hard to understand. Therefore, we want to formulate a Byzantine Fault Tolerant distributed file system that is easy to understand. Therefore, we took inspiration from Raft, PBFT, as well as Blockchains (because it’s the latest fad) to create a simple BFT algorithm.

The purpose of this study was to estimate the financial costs to start BNCT as a clinical treatment in a hospital. To evaluate more accurate data on the precise costs of BNCT, we analyzed the costs of conventional radiotherapy, carbon ion and proton therapy and compare them to BNCT. An aggregate cost calculation of accelerator, buildings, equipments and staff requirements was performed.

We describe two abstractions that show how Lamport’s Paxos and Castro and Liskov’s PBFT are essentially the same consensus protocol, but for different failure models. The first abstraction is a regular register that captures how processes in both protocols propose and decide values. The second abstraction is tokens that capture how these protocols guarantee agreement despite partial failures. T...

Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is an effective clinical method in cancer treatment based on fission reactions and nuclear capturing. In this method, use of the best boron-containing agents for boron therapy and boron delivery agent for transfer to the infectious site are the key points for  efficienct treatment. Our research indicated that calcium fructoborate(CF) was the best compound as...

Introduction Proton therapy is used to treat malignant tumors such as melanoma inside the eye. Proton particles are adjusted according to various parameters such as tumor size and position and patient’s distance from the proton source. The purpose of this study was to assess absorbed doses in eyes and various tumors found in the area of sclera and choroid and the adjacent tissues in radiotherap...

Boronic acids are versatile reagents for the chemical synthesis of organic molecules. They and other boron-containing compounds can be detected readily by the interruption of the excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) of 10-hydroxybenzo[h]quinolone. This method is highly sensitive and selective, and useful for monitoring synthetic reactions and detecting boron-containing compounds...

Introduction: Many study shown the effectiveness dose enhancement with gold nanoparticles (GNPs), especially with low-energy x-rays. Recently, proton beam radiation therapy (PBRT) has attention as a treatment for tumors. The advantage in PBRT, which releases high dose at the controllable Bragg peak position that localized for Au target and the released dose increased in depth....

background: recent studies in eye plaque brachytherapy have shown a considerable difference between the dosimetric results using water phantom and a model of human eye containing realistic materials. in spite of this fact, there is a lack of simulation studies based on such a model in proton therapy literatures. in the presented work, the effect of utilizing an eye model with ocular media on pr...

background: hadron therapy for malignant tumor is becoming increasingly popular. there are many factors which effect on implementation of a proper treatment planning. the purpose of this work is to investigate the inhomogeneity effects as affecting factor on proton range, full width at half maximum (fwhm) and 20% position of penumbra (p20) by mcnpx code. materials and methods: an inhomogeneous ...