this thesis attempts to investigate the effects of prelistening activities on enhancing iranian efl learners` listening comprehension. the present study investigated ways in which learners` background knowledge could be activated in order to enhance their l2 listening comprehension by limiting the number of possible text interpretations prior to listening. the experiments conducted in this stud...

abstract the variables affecting the nature of reading comprehension can be classified into two general categories: reader’s variables, and text variables (alderson, 2000). despite the wave of research on vocabulary knowledge as reader’s variable, the role of this knowledge in c-test as a text-dependent test and its interaction with lexical cohesion of the test as a text feature has remained a...

Background and Aim: Bearing in mind the importance of knowledge activities, the purpose of this study is to determine the status of knowledge activities in individual and organizational dimensions amongst academic and public librarians in Kermanshah province.     Methods: Survey method is applied. Data  was collected by  Huang questionnaire, which was distributed among the 170 librarians select...