Construction projects become complicated and fragmented so that many specialty contractors are involved. In such changed environments, a general contractor’s overhead costs are increasing comparable to direct costs. In addition to an increase of volume, activities consisting of overhead costs play an important role in coordinating different participants who include different specialty contracto...

current practices in railway track analysis and design are reviewed and discussed in this paper. the mechanical behavior of railway track structure comprising of various components has not been fully understood due to the railway track structural complexity. although there have been some improvements in the accuracy of current track design methods in recent decades, there are still considerable...

Times of downturn in economy, tough competition, high costs, and large amounts of capital required for replacements have created growing need for cost cutting measures and for seeking better return on investment. This has also placed an increasing emphasis on maintenance practices to extend the service life of existing railroad bridges. This paper outlines the various factors which playa role i...

This paper features a method of synthesizing the track irregularities by which the alignment may be analytically represented by a pseudo-stochastic function, as well as the implementation of such a method in the numerical simulation of the dynamic behaviour of the railway vehicles. The method described in Part I relies on the power spectral density of the track irregularities, as per ORE B 176 ...

Accession of the Republic of Poland to the European Union (EU) has committed Poland to adopt, among others, policy of opening up the market of products and services in the area of rail transport. Follow decision about the opening of the EU market and transport services for rail transport, the European Parliament and of the Council have introduced a number of safety and interoperability directiv...

Train Routing is a problem that arises in the early phase of the passenger railway planning process, usually several months before operating the trains. The main goal is to assign each train a stopping platform and the corresponding arrival/departure paths through a railway station. It is also called Train Platforming when referring to the platform assignment task. Railway stations often repres...