Many buildings had stopped their service due to damage non-structural members including ceilings, partition walls and piping after large-scale earthquakes. In particular, piping-failure-caused water leakage damaged electronic equipment resulted in a loss of functionality the building. Cyclic bending tests are conducted carbon steel pipes for supply with nominal diameters 25A, 40A, 50A 80A evalu...

Although failure of the seam weld on reheat steam piping has been an infrequent occurrence, such failure is still a major safety concern for fossil plant operations. EPRI has provided guidelines for a piping management program based on periodic inspection. More recently, EPRI has also sponsored research to develop inspection techniques to both improve the quality and reduce the cost of piping i...

In the process of piping development, sediment carried by seepage causes change porosity and then permeability coefficient. Therefore, belongs to muddy water (i.e., unstable seepage). Based on theory seepage, new control equation model is established. The generation mechanism development for white fine sand gravel are explored. advantages discussed. results show that not only simpler in form bu...

urban facilities are necessary components of cities. in all grown and developed cities of the world there are tremendous network of facilities such as water and electric ties, water sewage drainage, water piping and gas piping. that has not been installed in proper depth underground and locations and with growing of the cities and consumption of population. they need to be replaced by excavatin...

Using national survey data collected in 2004 in Burkina Faso, Ghana, Malawi, and Uganda with 12-19 year olds, we examine the prevalence of sex in exchange for money or gifts in the 12 months prior to the survey and its association with adolescents' social and economic vulnerability and condom use. Receiving something in exchange for sex is very common among sexually active, unmarried female ado...

Current mobile money systems provide users with hierarchical user interface and represent money as a positive rational numbers of the form 1, 3, 4.87...N. However, research indicates that rural communities that cannot read and write have a challenge entering such numbers in to mobile money system. Navigating through hierarchical text menu is also difficult to illiterate individuals. The present...