Insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are closely linked to obesity. Numerous prospective studies have reported on weight gain, insulin resistance, and insulin signaling in experimental animals, but not in humans. We examined insulin signaling in adipocytes from lean volunteers, before and at the end of a 4-wk period of consuming a fast-food, high-calorie diet that led to weight gain. We...

When inhibitory control is lacking, people are more prone to indulge in high calorie food. This research examined whether training to inhibit food-related responses renders one less susceptible to temptations of high calorie food. Trait chocolate lovers were divided into three conditions: participants either consistently inhibited responding to chocolate stimuli (chocolate/no-go condition), con...

BACKGROUND Acute bouts of high-intensity exercise modulate peripheral appetite regulating hormones to transiently suppress hunger. However, the effects of physical activity on central appetite regulation have yet to be fully investigated. OBJECTIVE We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to compare neural responses to visual food stimuli after intense exercise and rest. DESIGN ...

It is well known that immunological functions are influenced by stressors . Psychological stressors influence also usual behaviors such as eating, sleep and exercise . In this paper, we report effects of emotional behavior, restriction, sleep deprivation or nutrition on immunological functions using animal model. Using mature cats which were implanted electrode in hypothalamus, emotional behavi...

We investigated dietary modulation, by energy level and energy source, of two-stage skin tumorigenesis initiated with 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene and promoted with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate in SENCAR mice. Studies comparing the influence of dietary calorie restriction (feeding less carbohydrate and less fat) with diet restriction and with ad libitum control feeding indicated an in...

I . Hydroxyproline was determined in urine, carcass, and skin of young rats fed on lowprotein and low-calorie diets. 2. Protein and calorie deprivation in young rats resulted in a marked fall in the soluble as well as insoluble collagen content of the skin. 3. The collagen content of the carcass (excluding skin) was slightly greater in the deficient rats than in the weanling rats, but very much...

As calorie-consciousness becomes a worldwide phenomenon, demand for low-calorie sweeteners is increasing. Compared to other sugars, the reduced calorific value of mannitol (1.6 kilocalories per gram) finds its application as sweetener in foods. The present study was conducted develop yoghurt by adding lactic acid bacteria (LAB) having significant production potential. Leuconostoc pseudomesenter...

Consumers' awareness about the nutritional profile of their diets has made the industry to respond their needs seriously. In this study, response surface methodology was used to analyze the effect of three fat replacers and two sweeteners on sensory attributes and viscosity of low- calorie pistachio butter. Balangu seed extract (BSG) (0.01-0.04), Reihan seed gum (RSG) (0.01-0.023), xanthan (0.0...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and consumer preferences of calorie labeling on menus. DESIGN Between-group experiment. Participants were randomized to view menu items according to 1 of 4 experimental conditions: no calorie information, calorie-only information, calorie plus health statement (HS), and calorie plus the Physical Activity Scale. Participants selected a snack and then rated me...