It will be shown that the umbrella term “nanotechnology” reveals the endeavor of recent engineering sciences and science-based technologies to find a fundamental technology, in other words: a root or core technology. This is linked to the leading and exciting vision of a specific kind of reductionism, namely technological reductionism, which has not yet been perceived by the philosophy of scien...

For the last 50 years the dominant stance in experimental biology has been reductionism in general, and genetic reductionism in particular. Philosophers were the first to realize that the belief that theMendelian genes were reduced to DNAmolecules was questionable. Soon, experimental data confirmed these misgivings. The optimism of molecular biologists, fueled by early success in tackling relat...

The discussion of collective agency involves the reduction problem concept a collective. Individualism and Cartesian internalism have long restricted orthodox theories made them face tension between an irreducible ontological reductionism. Heterodox as functionalism interpretationism reinterpret accept it realized on level In order to adequately explain social phenomena that relations their ess...

The principle that causes always render their effects more likely is fundamental to the enterprise of reducing facts of causation to facts about (objective) chances. This reductionist enterprise faces famous difficulties in accommodating common-sense intuitions about causal processes, if it insists on cashing out causal processes in terms of streams of events in which every event that belongs t...

Contemporary neuroscience links together soma and society in complex ways, casting the brain as the locus of a matrix of reciprocal interactions between soma and society. Accordingly, critiques of such research which revolve around its perceived ‘reductionism’ and ‘determinism’ are rendered somewhat problematic. That is not to say, however, that a critical sociology of neuroscience is redundant...

The consensus view in philosophy of science is that reductionism is dead. One reason for this is that the deductive nomological (DN) model of explanation, on which classical reductionism depends, is widely regarded as indefensible. I argue that the DN model is inessential to the reductionist framework, and that mechanism provides a better framework for thinking about reductionism. But this runs...

Eliminativists sometimes invoke evolutionary debunking arguments against ordinary object beliefs, either to help them establish skepticism or soften the appeal of commonsense ontology. I argue that debunkers face a self-defeat problem: their conclusion undermines scientific support for one premises, because biology depends on our beliefs. Using work reductionism and multiple realizability from ...

Objective: There are several theories proposed on the career development and researchers have classified these theories in different categories. Career-related cognitive theory is one of the latest categories including two theories: social cognitive theory of career development and cognitive information processing. The current study seeks to compare these two cognitive theories of career develo...