PURPOSE To evaluate the frequency of behavioral disorders in children with significant refractive error and to compare the results with those of emmetropic children. METHODS In this prospective, comparative study from January to September 2013, refractive errors of all 5-12-year-old children who referred to a general eye clinic were recorded. A validated Persian version of the Rutter A scale ...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the refractive and visual outcomes of wavefront-guided laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) in eyes with myopic astigmatism and cylindrical component ≥2.0 diopter (D). METHODS In this retrospective study, 611 eyes that underwent LASIK for simple or compound myopic astigmatism were analyzed. Preoperative refractive cylinder ranged from -2.00 D ...

INTRODUCTION Astigmatism is a visually disabling refractive error, and at least 15%-20% cataract patients have corneal astigmatism of ≥1.50 diopters (D). One way to correct astigmatism simultaneously during cataract surgery is to place limbal relaxing incisions (LRIs). It is possible, however, that late corneal biomechanics may play an unfavorable role in refractive outcomes over time. Toric in...

purpose: to determine prevalence and associated factors of refractive errors in elderly population of yazd, iran. methods: this is a cross-sectional population-based survey performed between 2010 and 2011. the participants were among the subjects aged from 40 to 80 years old. the samples were selected from urban and rural inhabitants using multi-stage random cluster sampling design. all partici...

PURPOSE To derive a method of quantifying corneal topographic astigmatism (CorT) that accurately represents manifest refractive cylinder. SETTING Private practice, Melbourne, Australia. DESIGN Retrospective study. METHOD Axial power measurements obtained using topography in right eyes and left eyes were analyzed. For each Placido ring, an astigmatism value was calculated. The ring astigma...

During the last years, cataract surgery has taken a refractive tendency, especially since the appearance of artificial crystalline lenses, which give multifocality, asphericity, and toricity. This trend has given birth to the term of „refractive cataract surgery”. The refractive cataract surgery may be defined as the surgery of cataract with a double purpose: to improve vision and the reduce sp...

PURPOSE Astigmatism is a common cause of refractive error and is known to vary in prevalence with age. Although the search for genes associated with spherical refractive errors (especially myopia) has met with limited success, current efforts to identify genetic variants implicated in astigmatism development have been less rewarding. We aimed to assess the association between astigmatism and ag...

PURPOSE Although astigmatism is prevalent during early infancy, the influence of astigmatism on early refractive development is unclear. This study was undertaken to determine the effects of astigmatism on emmetropization in monkeys. METHODS Infant rhesus monkeys (n = 39) were exposed to optically simulated astigmatism in one or both eyes from approximately 1 to 4 months of age. With-the-rule...

SEPTEMBER 2011 CATARACT & REFRACTIVE SURGERY TODAY EUROPE 89 N umerous factors make the treatment of corneal astigmatism with laser corneal surgery more challenging than treatment of spherical error alone. Astigmatism can be irregular and complex, and it can be compounded by myopic or hyperopic error. Each scenario requires choice of an appropriate treatment approach. Choosing the wrong treatme...