This review discusses the progress and ongoing efforts in optical refrigeration. Optical refrigeration is a process in which phonons are removed from a solid by anti-Stokes fluorescence. The review first summarizes the history of optical refrigeration, noting the success in cooling rare-earth-doped solids to cryogenic temperatures. It then examines in detail a four-level model of rare-earth-bas...

The present study was carried out to compare the inhibitory effect of alginate coatings containing Zataria Multiflora Boiss essential oil (ZMEO) in two forms of coarse emulsion and Nano-emulsion on the growth of inoculated Escherichia coli O157:H7in beef fillet during 16 days of refrigeration (4 C °). Accordingly, alginate solutions (3%) with different co...

*1 Air-Conditioner Designing & Engineering Department, Air-Conditioning & Refrigeration Division *2 Manager, Air-Conditioner Designing & Engineering Department, Air-Conditioning & Refrigeration Division *3 Chief Staff Manager, Sales Department, Air-Conditioning & Refrigeration Division *4 Professor, Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu Univ...

In the recent times, the use of solar energy for the refrigeration purpose has been increasing day by day. Generally, solar used for cooling purpose has proposed many advantageous features in the refrigeration field. The cooling path is basically depends on the amount of solar radiation. The more amount of solar radiation directly increases the C.O.P. of the system. In this research paper, the ...

This paper presents the variation law of temperature in three-dimensional space, which is cooled by the refrigeration provided by the cold side of a semiconductor. The mathematical model of the temperature field of the semiconductor refrigeration device is described, and a numerical study on the temperature profile in a semiconductor refrigeration device was carried out using this model. The pr...

Background: The application of laparoscopic method for intrauterine insemination is limited in sheep industry by the high cost of equipment and low pregnancy rate of frozen-thawed spermatozoa. Both disadvantages could be decreased if chilled ram semen is transported to the farms and inseminated through cervix. Semen extender provides the requirements for sperm and affects its motility, viabilit...