The recently emerged Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) emerged in the Middle East region in 2012. The virus is phylogenetically related to bat CoV, but other animal species like camels and goats may potentially act as an intermediate host by spreading the virus to humans. This virus is thought to cause a severe disease in patients with underlying comorbidities. Laboratory ...

Now that scientific consensus that Zika virus is a cause of microcephaly and GBS has been reached, it is time to act. The virus is spreading uncontrollably across the world: since 2015, a total of 70 countries or territories have reported vector-borne Zika virus transmission, and at-risk countries need to be prepared to manage patients with neurological disorders. However, effective and joint s...

Dear Editor: The epidemic of Zika virus infection in Brazil has lead to the description of new complications and manifestations such as Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults and microcephaly in newborns. Zika virus is a flavivirus transmitted to humans primarily through the bite of an infected Aedes species mosquito. It was first isolated and described in Africa, later spreading to Asia, Micronesia...

in this study, the pathogenicity of a/ch/it/5093/1999 h7n1 which had been isolated from chicken during the outbreak in italy was assessed in chicken by experimental infection virus. ten spf chickens of four week-old were inoculated with this virus, and five chickens were inoculated with uninfected allantoic fluid. for determination of virus shedding, oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs were taken f...

background immunomodulators and nucleotide analogues have been used globally for the dealing of chronic hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection. however, the development of drug resistance is a major limitation to their long-term effectiveness. objectives the aim of this study was to characterize the hepatitis b virus reverse transcriptase (rt) protein variations among iranian chronic hbv carriers wh...