This paper studies a decentralized supply chain in which a manufacturer sells a common generic product through two traditional and online retailers under free riding market. We assume that the traditional retailer provides the value added services but the online retailer does not. Factors such as retail prices, local advertising of the retailers, global advertising of the manufacturer and servi...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to assess the association of motorcycle traffic injuries with motorcycle riding behavior and subtypes of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) while controlling for individual correlates of motorcycle traffic injuries. METHODS A case-control study was carried out in 298 patients with motorcycle trauma along with 151 control patients admitted to t...

BACKGROUND National estimates of all-terrain vehicle (ATV) riding patterns among youth in the USA are lacking. METHODS We analysed the 2011 YouthStyles survey to estimate the proportion of 12-17 year olds in the USA who had ridden an ATV at least once during the past 12 months and summarise their patterns of helmet use. RESULTS Of the 831 youth respondents, an estimated 25% reported riding ...

T free-riding problem occurs if the presales activities needed to sell a product can be conducted separately from the actual sale of the product. Intuitively, free riding should hurt the retailer that provides that service, but the author shows analytically that free riding benefits not only the free-riding retailer, but also the retailer that provides the service when customers are heterogeneo...

BACKGROUND Road traffic injuries, especially those involving motorcycles, are a particular concern in Iran. We aimed to identify the specific cognitive dissonances and consonances associated with risky riding among Iranian motorcyclists. METHODS This was a grounded theory qualitative study of male motorcyclists who were ≥ 18 and were living in one of the three cities of Tehran, Isfahan and Ah...

Peer-to-peer networks have emerged as a popular alternative to traditional client-server architectures for the distribution of information goods. Recent academic studies have observed high levels of free-riding in various peer-to-peer networks, leading some to suggest the imminent collapse of these communities as a viable information sharing mechanism. Our research develops an analytic model to...

Wikis are interactive Web 2.0 tools that enable collaboration and knowledge sharing. Wiki-enabled collaboration is ideal in an educational setting, yet is prone to free-riding. This study examined the impact of the relational social capital of undergraduate students on their wiki usage and free-riding in a group project. Preliminary findings reveal that characteristics of relational social capi...

Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs) are a new model for integrated health care delivery created by the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. They allow a group of hospitals and providers to jointly contract with the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services to provide care to a population of Medicare enrollees in an environment that rewards cost-efficiency through shared savings so long...