Kütahya is one of the ancient cities Anatolia. The city, which was founded in pre-Christian era, witnessed important settlements Roman period, became a religious and commercial center Byzantine period continued to increase its importance. emperors built walls bastions Castle on high hill overlooking city. conquest took place between years 1075-1078, after Turks defeated Byzantium 1071 started k...

Settlement features containing raw antler material at various stages of manufacturing are not uncommon in Germanic settlements. However, their connection with craft production and subsequent interpretation as workshops producing objects often inferred a priori, without being based on deeper analysis. Many years research into settlement from the late Roman period beginning Migration Zlechov-Padě...

Act: A major division in a play. An act can be sub-divided into scenes. (See scene). Greek plays were not divided into acts. The five act structure was originally introduced in Roman times and became the convention in Shakespeare’s period. In the 19th century this was reduced to four acts and 20th century drama tends to favor three acts. Antagonist: A character or force against which another ch...

Cancer of the breast, seen by Galen as the commonest cancer of his time, was probably first mentioned by Hippocrates in the 5th century BC. A single case history was described but no specific treatment mentioned. For centuries no further cases were described, until Cato, 2nd century BC, advocated cabbage poultices for all tumours and breast cancer in particular. Aëtius of Amida probably first d...

POLLEN EVIDENCE has, to date, made little contribution to our understanding of the origins and development of the medieval landscape. Compared to the prehistoric period, relatively few long palaeoenvironmental sequences provide a continuous record for the past two millennia, and those that have been analysed are mostly located in upland locations that lay beyond areas settled during this period...

My previous essay in this series' drew attention to three main areas of inquiry concerning church governance in the first-century church in Rome: (1) an ancient Roman political governance pattern which may have furnished a background for the type of ecclesiastical governance used in that first-century Christian community, (2) pertinent contemporary Christian documents, and (3) ancient non-conte...

A sediment core encompassing 3500 years of continuous sedimentation has been collected from a coastal lagoon located on the southwestern French Mediterranean coast. Lead concentrations and stable isotopes show that the sediments have recorded the three major periods of Pb pollution: the Etruscan-Greek-Roman period (650 BC to AD 50), the medieval period (AD 650 to AD 1450), and the modern period...

It has been generally acknowledged that falconry was unknown in Antiquity until it imported the 5th century AD by Germanic tribes into lands of Roman Empire. However, this theory contrasts with a 1st epigram Martial depicts hawk kept captivity regrets hunting for fowler, concept can be perfectly understood as falconry. Due to lack knowledge Iberian iconography and absence other early sources at...