proceeded difference in opinion of grammarians led to the capacity of thought in grammar of arabic language, and cause to the conflict in thought of the grammarians. this research aims to study the difference between grammarians in modern grammatical matters, which is similar to that difference that took place between grammarians in basra and kufa in matters of arabic grammar. the present resea...

Learning a foreign language offers a great challenge to students since it involves learning different skills and subskills. Quite a few number of researches have been done so far on the relationship between gender and learning a foreign language. On the other hand, two major approaches in teaching grammar have been offered by language experts, inductive and deductive. The present study examines...

The outcome of scientific research depends on how a phenomenon is viewed and how the questions are phrased. This applies also to the nativist view of language acquisition. As a complement to MacWhinney’s discussion of nativism from the viewpoint of cognitive psychology, I would like to devote this commentary to the question of the title from the viewpoint of computational linguistics. Formally,...

This study aimed at analyzing Brazilian memes posted on Instagram about Covid-19, in which scientific concepts were intertwined with the message. The research was based virtual ethnography and analysis considered multimodal structure of following principles Grammar Visual Design. Only twelve out a universe 83 identified (14.5%) presented knowledge science interdependently meanings that could be...

The idea of machine translation of languages was recently given realization in the U.S.S.R., and a detailed description is given of the lines on which the experiment has been carried out. A combination of a special-type dictionary and a revised grammar was used to furnish the translation of scientific texts. The dictionary compiled for the purpose differs from the usual type in that it does not...

This paper describes current results of Ofr (Optical Formula Recognition), a system for extracting and understanding mathematical expressions in documents. Such a tool could be really useful to be able to re-use knowledge in scientific books which are not available in electronic form. We currently also study use of this system for direct input of formulas with a graphical tablet for computer al...