Small decreases in serum Ca(2+) and more prolonged increases in serum phosphate (P(i)) stimulate the parathyroid (PT) to secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH), and 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) decreases PTH synthesis and secretion. A prolonged decrease in serum Ca(2+) and 1,25(OH)(2)D(3), or increase in serum P(i), such as in patients with chronic renal failure, leads to the appropriate secondary increase in se...

  Introduction: Radio-guided parathyroid surgery along with other minimally invasive surgeries constitutes the main surgical treatment procedures for different kinds of hyperparathyroidism.  In this article we have reported our experience of radio-guided parathyroid surgery using Tc-99m sestamibi. Methods: Ten patients with hyperparathyroidism included in our study. ...

Patients with vitamin D-dependent rickets type 1A (VDDR1A) are usually treated with alfacalcidol, an analog of vitamin D. Around puberty, an increased dose of alfacalcidol is recommended for these patients to avoid hypocalcemia and secondary hyperparathyroidism. However, no indicators of secondary hyperparathyroidism except for PTH are presently known. The aim of this study is to evaluate wheth...

Ultrasound is one of the preferred modalities for evaluation of the parathyroid glands. This study was undertaken to determine the accuracy of high resolution ultrasound for secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with chronic renal failure. From March 2008 to March 2009, ninety-one hemodialysis patients were examined by high resolution ultrasound (14 MHz) of the parathyroid glands in compari...

Obesity is one of the health problems in the developing and developed countries. Obesity subjects the individuals with metabolic and endocrine disorders. It is obvious that vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency may lead to secondary hyperparathyroidism. Thus, obesity increases the risk of vitamin D deficiency. Considering the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in children and adolescents w...

The parathyroid glands secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH), which is important for maintaining calcium homeostasis. Parathyroid gland hyperplasia and subsequent hyperparathyroidism can occur secondary to chronic renal failure in dogs, resulting in significant alterations in calcium metabolism. Renal secondary hyperparathyroidism is a complex, multifactorial syndrome that involves changes in circu...

BACKGROUND In patients with hyperparathyroidism, parathyroidectomy is the only curative therapy. Anaesthetic management differs function of etiology (primary vs. secondary or tertiary hyperparathyroidism) and surgical technique (minimally invasive or classic parathyroidectomy). OBJECTIVES To evaluate peri-operative management (focusing on hemodynamic changes, cardiac arrhythmias and patients'...

The patient is a seventheen years old girl, with severe pain and swelling in right maxillary sinus region and facial deformity from two weeks prior to referring. CT scan demonstrated a large tumoral mass in right maxillary sinus extended to petereigomaxillary fossa, orbital floor, lacrimal system and nasoethmoid region. Hard palate had been destroyed and bulged in to the oral cavity. Tumor was ...

introduction: radio-guided parathyroid surgery along with other minimally invasive surgeries constitutes the main surgical treatment procedures for different kinds of hyperparathyroidism.  in this article we have reported our experience of radio-guided parathyroid surgery using tc-99m sestamibi. methods: ten patients with hyperparathyroidism included in our study. twenty mci of tc-99m sestamibi...

A case of malignant transformation in established secondary hyperparathyroidism presenting as tertiary hyperparathyroidism is reported. Although rare, this occurrence has important medical and surgical implications.