The effect of sulfization temperature on Ga throughfilm uniformity in a 2-reaction H2Se/H2S precursor process for Cu(InGa)(SeS)2 was studied. Cu0.8Ga0.2/In bi-layer precursors were prepared by sputter deposition. The precursors were then partially selenized at 450 oC, followed by sulfization at temperatures ranging from 450 to 550 oC. The observed threshold temperature for Ga homogenization dur...

Beverage emulsions are systems that are composed of two liquids including oil and water which are prepared by homogenizing oil phase in an acidic aqueous phase. They must be stable in both concentrated and diluted form for a period of 6-12 months upon standing at room temperature. Two immiscible phases contained systems are thermodynamically unsta-ble. In other words, they are vulnerable to bre...

Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) films were prepared by thermal treatment of In/CuGa metallic precursors using dimethylselenium, which is a less hazardous Se source than H2Se gas. CIGS films were fabricated using various heating times and dimethylselenium supply rates. We investigated the effect of the selenization temperature and the dimethylselenium supply rate on the crystal phase and surface morphology ...

A pure yeast isolate Clavispora lusitaniae from whey beverage, phenotypically and molecularly characterized, was used to develop a reliable, controllable and reproducible technology for preparation of low alcoholic naturally carbonated beverage from guava var. Allahabad Safeda, Lucknow-49, Punjab Pink and its blends with lemon var. Baramasi under optimized fermentation conditions. The specific ...

This study evaluated, in vitro, the effect of iron (previously exposed with enamel powder or added directly to the beverage) on the erosive potential of carbonated or decarbonated beverage. Four sets of experiments were done. For groups E1 and E3, a solution containing 30 mmol/L FeSO4 was added to bovine enamel powder (particles between 75-106 mm) before exposure to the carbonated or decarbonat...

The purpose of this study was to determine whether branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation affects aerobic performance, ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), or substrate utilization as compared with an isocaloric, carbohydrate (CHO) beverage or a noncaloric placebo (PLAC) beverage. Nine untrained males performed three 90-minute cycling bouts at 55% VO₂ peak followed by 15-minute time t...

The present study investigates the effect of strawberry antioxidants in beverage form on meal-induced postprandial inflammatory and insulin responses in human subjects. Overweight adults (n 24) consumed a high-carbohydrate, moderate-fat meal (HCFM) accompanied by either a strawberry or a placebo beverage in a cross-over design. Postprandial changes in plasma anthocyanins, their metabolites, ins...

Anthropologic research was conducted among pregnant and lactating women in rural Tanzania in conjunction with clinical trials of a micronutrient-fortified beverage. Use of the beverage was examined through interviews and ethnographic observation in clinics and at home. Women liked the taste of the beverage, considered it beneficial to their health, preferred it to pills or injections, and most ...

Restaurateurs often place a lemon slice on the rim of a beverage glass, or afloat in the beverage, as a flavor-enhancer or a decorative garnish. The handling of the lemons before their placement in the beverage may not follow sanitary procedures. The study reported here investigated whether beverage lemon slices contain microbial contamination that could be consumed by a restaurant patron. Swab...

BACKGROUND Sweet drinks early in life could predispose to lifelong consumption, and the beverage industry does not clearly define fruit drinks as part of the sweet drink category. OBJECTIVES To ascertain the relationship between beverage selection and dietary quality of the lunches packed for preschool-aged children evaluated using the Healthy Eating Index-2010. METHODS Foods packed by pare...