Self-assembly is the autonomous organization of constituents into higher order structures or assemblages and is a fundamental mechanism in biological systems. There has been an unfounded idea that self-assembly may be used in the sensing and pairing of homologous chromosomes or chromatin, including meiotic chromosome pairing, polytene chromosome formation in Diptera and transvection. Recent stu...

Self-sensing refers to extracting the position information from the electromagnetic signals instead of from a physical position sensor. Self-sensing actuator has the benefit of significantly reducing hardware effort. In this paper, we investigate two types of observers: Boxcar Window Observer and Kalman Filter. The performance of both observers has been compared in simulation and experimentally.

introduction: photonics refers to the technology of generating and harnessing light and other forms of radiant energy whose quantum unit is the photon. photonic technology in the meridian and acupoints research has shown the unique advantages, by which the microcosmic material basis and macroscopic phenomena research can be integrated to interpret the occurrence of propagated sensation along me...