During locomotion, reflex responses to sensory stimulation are usually modulated and may even be reversed. This is thought to be the result of phased inhibition, but the neurons responsible are usually not known. When the hatchling Xenopus tadpole swims, responses to cutaneous stimulation are modulated. This occurs because sensory pathway interneurons receive rhythmic glycinergic inhibition bro...

tory canal. The external auditory canal then channels the vibration toward the eardrum, or tympanic membrane (TM). This in turn causes the eardrum to vibrate, which sets into motion the mechanical structures of the middle ear. The middle ear ossicles, or middle ear bones. These 3 tiny bones are attached to the TM and move as it moves. They transmit the sound waves further along the auditory cha...

Habituation, one of the simplest behavioral paradigms for studying memory, has recently been examined on the cellular level in the gill-withdrawal reflex in the mollusc Aplysia and in the escape response in cray-fish. In both cases short-term habituation involved a decrease in excitatory synaptic transmission at the synapses between the sensory neurons and their central target cells. To analyze...

The noradrenergic locus ceruleus (LC) system has been implicated in several behavioral functions, most notably, response to salient sensory events. Here, we provide new evidence indicating a role in the execution of responses associated with simple decisions. We examined impulse activity of monkey LC neurons during performance of a forced-choice discrimination task. The timing of LC activity mo...

It is a well-known fact that quarternary ammonium bases can increase the excitability of motor. nerve endings, and thereby set the innervating muscle into fibrillation2" and especially, they have been reported to be highly sensitive to the so.called slow motor system18); the effectve concentration for frog's geniohyoideus musc1e being 103-10. times lower than for the fast motor system. As to th...

Successful nerve regeneration after nerve trauma is not only important for the restoration of motor and sensory functions, but also to reduce the potential for abnormal sensory impulse generation that can occur following neuroma formation. Satisfying functional results after severe lesions are difficult to achieve and the development of interventional methods to achieve optimal functional recov...

impulse buying behavior has a determinable role in developing the power of computability in the current consumer markets. hence, recognizing and improving the facilitating factors of impulse behavior is a necessity for increasing the profitability of such businesses. this research examines the effects of individual, environmental and fashion involvement factors by considering the mediator effec...

Background: Although major depressive disorder (MDD) also increases the risk of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) perpetration, poor mental health has been mostly conceptualized as a consequence of IPV victimization rather than a risk factor for IPV perpetration. Poor impulse control is another IPV risk factor. Building on a risk / risk framework, this study investigates additive and multiplicati...

given the significance of relativism in molding our worldview and uncovering the nature of truth, this study using the newly-developed concept of emotioncy, attempted to introduce sensory relativism as a new perspective based on which senses can relativize our understanding of the world. to espouse the theory, 24 individuals were interviewed on their experiences of phlebotomy. the results were ...