Cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (POR) supports reactions of microsomal cytochrome P450 which metabolize drugs and steroid hormones. Mutations in POR cause disorders of sexual development. P450 oxidoreductase deficiency (PORD) was initially identified in patients with Antley-Bixler syndrome (ABS) but now it has been established as a separate disorder of sexual development (DSD). Here we are summa...

During embryonic development, gonadal steroid hormones (androgens and estrogens) are thought to organize the sexual differentiation of the brain in the heterogametic sexes of higher vertebrates (males in mammals, females in birds). Brain differentiation of the homogametic sexes is thought to proceed by default, not requiring sex hormones for sex-specific organization. In gallinaceous birds such...

We review the hypothesized and observed effects of two of the major forms of genomic conflicts, genomic imprinting and sexual antagonism, on human health. We focus on phenotypes mediated by peptide and steroid hormones (especially oxytocin and testosterone) because such hormones centrally mediate patterns of physical and behavioral resource allocation that underlie both forms of conflict. In ea...

Timing is everything when trying to land a mate. In many species, female receptivity tomale sexual advances is synchronized to fertility and is mediated by steroid hormones produced in the gonads, such as oestrogens. How these hormones tune neural circuits to transition females to mate-seeking mode is unclear. In a series of elegant experiments, neuroscientist Jenna McHenry and colleagues in Ga...

Timing is everything when trying to land a mate. In many species, female receptivity tomale sexual advances is synchronized to fertility and is mediated by steroid hormones produced in the gonads, such as oestrogens. How these hormones tune neural circuits to transition females to mate-seeking mode is unclear. In a series of elegant experiments, neuroscientist Jenna McHenry and colleagues in Ga...

introduction: the aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of high-fiber diet on sexual hormones in obese and overweight female adolescents. methods: this randomized crossover clinical trial was conducted among 56 obese or overweight girls in shiraz, iran. all subjects were randomly divided into two groups. a list containing high (25 g/day green leafy vegetables or fresh fr...

Decline in circulating sex steroid hormones accompanies several age-associated pathologies which may influence human healthspan. Mitochondria play important roles in biosynthesis of sex steroid hormones, and these hormones can also regulate mitochondrial function. Understanding the cross talk between mitochondria and sex steroid hormones may provide insights into the pathologies associated with...

Sexual dimorphism, i.e. the distinct recognition of only two sexes per species, is the phenotypic expression of a multi-stage procedure at chromosomal, gonadal, hormonal and behavioral level. Chromosomal--genetic sexual dimorphism refers to the presence of two identical (XX) or two different (XY) gonosomes in females and males, respectively. This is due to the distinct content of the X and Y-ch...